diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf32843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.ResolvedTargets;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.TargetParsingException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.TargetPattern;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.TargetPatternResolver;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.Event;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchPackageException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchTargetException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchThingException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Package;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.PackageIdentifier;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Target;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.FilteringPolicies;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.FilteringPolicy;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.PathPackageLocator;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.TargetPatternResolverUtil;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.EnvironmentBackedRecursivePackageProvider.MissingDepException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.syntax.Label;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.RootedPath;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunction;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunctionException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyValue;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction ensures the graph loads targets matching the pattern and its
+ * transitive dependencies.
+ */
+public class PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction implements SkyFunction {
+
+  private final AtomicReference<PathPackageLocator> pkgPath;
+
+  public PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction(AtomicReference<PathPackageLocator> pkgPath) {
+    this.pkgPath = pkgPath;
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Override
+  public SkyValue compute(SkyKey key, Environment env)
+      throws SkyFunctionException, InterruptedException {
+    TargetPatternValue.TargetPatternKey patternKey =
+        ((TargetPatternValue.TargetPatternKey) key.argument());
+    try {
+      TargetPattern parsedPattern = patternKey.getParsedPattern();
+      DepsOfPatternPreparer preparer =
+          new DepsOfPatternPreparer(env, patternKey.getPolicy(), pkgPath.get());
+      ImmutableSet<String> excludedSubdirectories = patternKey.getExcludedSubdirectories();
+      parsedPattern.eval(preparer, excludedSubdirectories);
+    } catch (TargetParsingException e) {
+      throw new PrepareDepsOfPatternFunctionException(e);
+    } catch (MissingDepException e) {
+      // The DepsOfPatternPreparer constructed above might throw MissingDepException to signal
+      // when it has a dependency on a missing Environment value.
+      return null;
+    }
+    return PrepareDepsOfPatternValue.INSTANCE;
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Override
+  public String extractTag(SkyKey skyKey) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Used to declare all the exception types that can be wrapped in the exception thrown by {@link
+   * PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction#compute}.
+   */
+  private static final class PrepareDepsOfPatternFunctionException extends SkyFunctionException {
+
+    public PrepareDepsOfPatternFunctionException(TargetParsingException e) {
+      super(e, Transience.PERSISTENT);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A {@link TargetPatternResolver} backed by an {@link Environment} whose methods do not actually
+   * return resolved targets, but that ensures the graph loads the matching targets <b>and</b> their
+   * transitive dependencies. Its methods may throw {@link MissingDepException} if the package
+   * values this depends on haven't been calculated and added to its environment.
+   */
+  static class DepsOfPatternPreparer implements TargetPatternResolver<Void> {
+
+    private final EnvironmentBackedRecursivePackageProvider packageProvider;
+    private final Environment env;
+    private final FilteringPolicy policy;
+    private final PathPackageLocator pkgPath;
+
+    public DepsOfPatternPreparer(Environment env, FilteringPolicy policy,
+        PathPackageLocator pkgPath) {
+      this.env = env;
+      this.packageProvider = new EnvironmentBackedRecursivePackageProvider(env);
+      this.policy = policy;
+      this.pkgPath = pkgPath;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void warn(String msg) {
+      env.getListener().handle(Event.warn(msg));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Void getTargetOrNull(String targetName) throws InterruptedException {
+      // Note:
+      // This method is used in just one place, TargetPattern.TargetsInPackage#getWildcardConflict.
+      // Returning null tells #getWildcardConflict that there is not a target with a name like
+      // "all" or "all-targets", which means that TargetPattern.TargetsInPackage will end up
+      // calling DepsOfTargetPreparer#getTargetsInPackage.
+      // TODO (bazel-team): Consider replacing this with an isTarget method on the interface.
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ResolvedTargets<Void> getExplicitTarget(String targetName)
+        throws TargetParsingException, InterruptedException {
+      Label label = TargetPatternResolverUtil.label(targetName);
+      try {
+        Target target = packageProvider.getTarget(env.getListener(), label);
+        SkyKey key = TransitiveTargetValue.key(target.getLabel());
+        SkyValue token =
+            env.getValueOrThrow(key, NoSuchPackageException.class, NoSuchTargetException.class);
+        if (token == null) {
+          throw new MissingDepException();
+        }
+        return ResolvedTargets.empty();
+      } catch (NoSuchThingException e) {
+        throw new TargetParsingException(e.getMessage(), e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ResolvedTargets<Void> getTargetsInPackage(String originalPattern, String packageName,
+        boolean rulesOnly) throws TargetParsingException, InterruptedException {
+      FilteringPolicy actualPolicy = rulesOnly
+          ? FilteringPolicies.and(FilteringPolicies.RULES_ONLY, policy)
+          : policy;
+      return getTargetsInPackage(originalPattern, new PathFragment(packageName), actualPolicy);
+    }
+
+    private ResolvedTargets<Void> getTargetsInPackage(String originalPattern,
+        PathFragment packageNameFragment, FilteringPolicy policy)
+        throws TargetParsingException, InterruptedException {
+      TargetPatternResolverUtil.validatePatternPackage(originalPattern, packageNameFragment, this);
+      try {
+        PackageIdentifier packageId = PackageIdentifier.createInDefaultRepo(packageNameFragment);
+        Package pkg = packageProvider.getPackage(env.getListener(), packageId);
+        ResolvedTargets<Target> packageTargets =
+            TargetPatternResolverUtil.resolvePackageTargets(pkg, policy);
+        ImmutableList.Builder<SkyKey> builder = ImmutableList.builder();
+        for (Target target : packageTargets.getTargets()) {
+          builder.add(TransitiveTargetValue.key(target.getLabel()));
+        }
+        ImmutableList<SkyKey> skyKeys = builder.build();
+        env.getValuesOrThrow(skyKeys, NoSuchPackageException.class, NoSuchTargetException.class);
+        if (env.valuesMissing()) {
+          throw new MissingDepException();
+        }
+        return ResolvedTargets.empty();
+      } catch (NoSuchThingException e) {
+        String message = TargetPatternResolverUtil.getParsingErrorMessage(
+            "package contains errors", originalPattern);
+        throw new TargetParsingException(message, e);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isPackage(String packageName) {
+      return packageProvider.isPackage(env.getListener(), packageName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getTargetKind(Void target) {
+      // Note:
+      // This method is used in just one place, TargetPattern.TargetsInPackage#getWildcardConflict.
+      // Because DepsOfPatternPreparer#getTargetOrNull always returns null, this method is never
+      // called.
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public ResolvedTargets<Void> findTargetsBeneathDirectory(String originalPattern,
+        String directory, boolean rulesOnly, ImmutableSet<String> excludedSubdirectories)
+        throws TargetParsingException, InterruptedException {
+      FilteringPolicy actualPolicy = rulesOnly
+          ? FilteringPolicies.and(FilteringPolicies.RULES_ONLY, policy)
+          : policy;
+      ImmutableSet<PathFragment> excludedPathFragments =
+          TargetPatternResolverUtil.getPathFragments(excludedSubdirectories);
+      PathFragment pathFragment = TargetPatternResolverUtil.getPathFragment(directory);
+      for (Path root : pkgPath.getPathEntries()) {
+        RootedPath rootedPath = RootedPath.toRootedPath(root, pathFragment);
+        SkyValue token = env.getValue(PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.key(rootedPath,
+            excludedPathFragments, actualPolicy));
+        if (token == null) {
+          // A null token value means there is a missing dependency, because RecursivePkgFunction
+          // never throws.
+          throw new MissingDepException();
+        }
+      }
+      return ResolvedTargets.empty();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfPatternValue.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfPatternValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638b078
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfPatternValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.TargetParsingException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.ThreadSafe;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.FilteringPolicy;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.TargetPatternValue.TargetPatternKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.TargetPatternValue.TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyValue;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * The value returned by {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction}. Because that function is
+ * invoked only for its side effect (i.e. ensuring the graph contains targets matching the
+ * pattern and its transitive dependencies), this value carries no information.
+ *
+ * <p>Because the returned value is always the same object, this value and the
+ * {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction} which computes it are incompatible with change pruning. It
+ * should only be requested by consumers who do not require reevaluation when
+ * {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction} is reevaluated. Safe consumers include, e.g., top-level
+ * consumers, and other functions which invoke {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction} solely for its
+ * side-effects.
+ */
+public class PrepareDepsOfPatternValue implements SkyValue {
+  public static final PrepareDepsOfPatternValue INSTANCE = new PrepareDepsOfPatternValue();
+
+  private PrepareDepsOfPatternValue() {
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an iterable of {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException}, with
+   * {@link TargetPatternKey} arguments. If a provided pattern fails to parse, an element in the
+   * returned iterable will throw when its
+   * {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException#getSkyKey} method is called and will return the
+   * failing pattern when its {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException#getOriginalPattern}
+   * method is called.
+   *
+   * <p>There may be fewer returned elements than patterns provided as input. This function may
+   * combine patterns to return an iterable of SkyKeys that is equivalent but more efficient to
+   * evaluate, and will omit SkyKeys associated with negative patterns.
+   *
+   * @param patterns The list of patterns, e.g. "-foo/biz...". If a pattern's first character is
+   *     "-", it is treated as a negative pattern.
+   * @param policy The filtering policy, e.g. "only return test targets"
+   * @param offset The offset to apply to relative target patterns.
+   */
+  @ThreadSafe
+  public static Iterable<PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException> keys(List<String> patterns,
+      FilteringPolicy policy, String offset) {
+    Iterable<TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException> keysMaybe =
+        TargetPatternValue.keys(patterns, policy, offset);
+    ImmutableList.Builder<PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException> builder = ImmutableList.builder();
+    for (TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException keyMaybe : keysMaybe) {
+      try {
+        SkyKey skyKey = keyMaybe.getSkyKey();
+        if (!((TargetPatternKey) skyKey.argument()).isNegative()) {
+          builder.add(new PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrExceptionImpl(keyMaybe));
+        }
+      } catch (TargetParsingException e) {
+        // keyMaybe.getSkyKey() may throw TargetParsingException if its corresponding pattern
+        // failed to parse. If so, wrap the exception-holding TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException and
+        // return it, so that our caller can deal with it.
+        builder.add(new PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrExceptionImpl(keyMaybe));
+      }
+    }
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Wrapper for a prepare deps of pattern {@link SkyKey} or the {@link TargetParsingException}
+   * thrown when trying to create it.
+   */
+  public interface PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException {
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the stored {@link SkyKey} or throws {@link TargetParsingException} if one was thrown
+     * when creating the key.
+     */
+    SkyKey getSkyKey() throws TargetParsingException;
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the pattern that resulted in the stored {@link SkyKey} or {@link
+     * TargetParsingException}.
+     */
+    String getOriginalPattern();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Converts from a {@link TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException} to a
+   * {@link PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException}.
+   */
+  private static class PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrExceptionImpl implements
+      PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrException {
+
+    private final TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException wrapped;
+
+    private PrepareDepsOfPatternSkyKeyOrExceptionImpl(TargetPatternSkyKeyOrException wrapped) {
+      this.wrapped = wrapped;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SkyKey getSkyKey() throws TargetParsingException {
+      return new SkyKey(SkyFunctions.PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERN, wrapped.getSkyKey().argument());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getOriginalPattern() {
+      return wrapped.getOriginalPattern();
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1edf7a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction.java
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.ResolvedTargets;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchPackageException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchTargetException;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Package;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Target;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.FilteringPolicy;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.TargetPatternResolverUtil;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.RecursivePkgValue.RecursivePkgKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.RootedPath;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunction;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyValue;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Ensures the graph contains the targets in the directory's package, if any, and in the
+ * non-excluded packages in its subdirectories, and all those targets' transitive dependencies,
+ * after a successful evaluation.
+ *
+ * <p>Computes {@link PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue} which describes whether the
+ * directory is a package and how many non-excluded packages exist below each of the directory's
+ * subdirectories.
+ */
+public class PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction implements SkyFunction {
+
+  @Override
+  public SkyValue compute(SkyKey skyKey, Environment env) {
+    PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey argument =
+        (PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey) skyKey.argument();
+    FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy = argument.getFilteringPolicy();
+    RecursivePkgKey recursivePkgKey = argument.getRecursivePkgKey();
+    return new MyTraversalFunction(filteringPolicy).visitDirectory(recursivePkgKey, env);
+  }
+
+  private static class MyTraversalFunction
+      extends RecursiveDirectoryTraversalFunction<MyVisitor,
+      PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue> {
+
+    private final FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy;
+
+    private MyTraversalFunction(FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy) {
+      this.filteringPolicy = filteringPolicy;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue getEmptyReturn() {
+      return PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.EMPTY;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected MyVisitor getInitialVisitor() {
+      return new MyVisitor(filteringPolicy);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected SkyKey getSkyKeyForSubdirectory(RootedPath subdirectory,
+        ImmutableSet<PathFragment> excludedSubdirectoriesBeneathSubdirectory) {
+      return PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.key(subdirectory,
+          excludedSubdirectoriesBeneathSubdirectory, filteringPolicy);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue aggregateWithSubdirectorySkyValues(
+        MyVisitor visitor, Map<SkyKey, SkyValue> subdirectorySkyValues) {
+      // Aggregate the child subdirectory package counts.
+      ImmutableMap.Builder<RootedPath, Integer> builder = ImmutableMap.builder();
+      for (SkyKey key : subdirectorySkyValues.keySet()) {
+        PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey prepDepsKey =
+            (PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey) key.argument();
+        PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue prepDepsValue =
+            (PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue) subdirectorySkyValues.get(key);
+        int numPackagesInSubdirectory = (prepDepsValue.isDirectoryPackage() ? 1 : 0);
+        for (Integer numPkgsInSubSub : prepDepsValue.getSubdirectoryPackageCount().values()) {
+          numPackagesInSubdirectory += numPkgsInSubSub;
+        }
+        builder.put(prepDepsKey.getRecursivePkgKey().getRootedPath(), numPackagesInSubdirectory);
+      }
+      return new PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue(visitor.isDirectoryPackage(),
+          builder.build());
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class MyVisitor implements RecursiveDirectoryTraversalFunction.Visitor {
+
+    private final FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy;
+    private boolean isDirectoryPackage;
+
+    private MyVisitor(FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy) {
+      this.filteringPolicy = Preconditions.checkNotNull(filteringPolicy);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitPackageValue(Package pkg, Environment env) {
+      isDirectoryPackage = true;
+      loadTransitiveTargets(env, pkg, filteringPolicy);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isDirectoryPackage() {
+      return isDirectoryPackage;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static void loadTransitiveTargets(Environment env, Package pkg,
+      FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy) {
+    ResolvedTargets<Target> packageTargets =
+        TargetPatternResolverUtil.resolvePackageTargets(pkg, filteringPolicy);
+    ImmutableList.Builder<SkyKey> builder = ImmutableList.builder();
+    for (Target target : packageTargets.getTargets()) {
+      builder.add(TransitiveTargetValue.key(target.getLabel()));
+    }
+    ImmutableList<SkyKey> skyKeys = builder.build();
+    env.getValuesOrThrow(skyKeys, NoSuchPackageException.class, NoSuchTargetException.class);
+  }
+
+  @Nullable
+  @Override
+  public String extractTag(SkyKey skyKey) {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..840ce7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue.java
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe;
+
+import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.ThreadSafe;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.FilteringPolicies;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.FilteringPolicy;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.RecursivePkgValue.RecursivePkgKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.RootedPath;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyKey;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyValue;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * The value computed by {@link PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction}. Contains a mapping for
+ * all its non-excluded directories to the count of packages beneath them.
+ *
+ * <p>This value is used by {@link GraphBackedRecursivePackageProvider#getPackagesUnderDirectory}
+ * to help it traverse the graph and find the set of packages under a directory, and recursively by
+ * {@link PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction} which computes a value for a directory by
+ * aggregating results calculated from its subdirectories.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that even though the {@link PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction} is evaluated in
+ * part because of its side-effects (i.e. loading transitive dependencies of targets), this value
+ * interacts safely with change pruning, despite the fact that this value is a lossy representation
+ * of the packages beneath a directory (i.e. it doesn't care <b>which</b> packages are under a
+ * directory, just the count of them). When the targets in a package change, the
+ * {@link PackageValue} that {@link PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction} depends on will be
+ * invalidated, and the PrepareDeps function for that package's directory will be reevaluated,
+ * loading any new transitive dependencies. Change pruning may prevent the reevaluation of
+ * PrepareDeps for directories above that one, but they don't need to be re-run.
+ */
+public final class PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue implements SkyValue {
+  public static final PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue EMPTY =
+      new PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue(false, ImmutableMap.<RootedPath, Integer>of());
+
+  private final boolean isDirectoryPackage;
+  private final ImmutableMap<RootedPath, Integer> subdirectoryPackageCount;
+
+  public PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue(boolean isDirectoryPackage,
+      ImmutableMap<RootedPath, Integer> subdirectoryPackageCount) {
+    this.isDirectoryPackage = isDirectoryPackage;
+    this.subdirectoryPackageCount = Preconditions.checkNotNull(subdirectoryPackageCount);
+  }
+
+  /** Whether the directory is a package (i.e. contains a BUILD file). */
+  public boolean isDirectoryPackage() {
+    return isDirectoryPackage;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a map from non-excluded immediate subdirectories of this directory to the number of
+   * non-excluded packages under them.
+   */
+  public ImmutableMap<RootedPath, Integer> getSubdirectoryPackageCount() {
+    return subdirectoryPackageCount;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(Object o) {
+    if (this == o) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (!(o instanceof PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue that = (PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryValue) o;
+    return isDirectoryPackage == that.isDirectoryPackage
+        && Objects.equals(subdirectoryPackageCount, that.subdirectoryPackageCount);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hashCode() {
+    return Objects.hash(isDirectoryPackage, subdirectoryPackageCount);
+  }
+
+  /** Create a prepare deps of targets under directory request. */
+  @ThreadSafe
+  public static SkyKey key(RootedPath rootedPath, ImmutableSet<PathFragment> excludedPaths) {
+    return key(rootedPath, excludedPaths, FilteringPolicies.NO_FILTER);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a prepare deps of targets under directory request, specifying a filtering policy for
+   * targets.
+   */
+  @ThreadSafe
+  public static SkyKey key(RootedPath rootedPath, ImmutableSet<PathFragment> excludedPaths,
+      FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy) {
+    return new SkyKey(SkyFunctions.PREPARE_DEPS_OF_TARGETS_UNDER_DIRECTORY,
+        new PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey(new RecursivePkgKey(rootedPath, excludedPaths),
+            filteringPolicy));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * The argument value for {@link SkyKey}s of {@link PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction}.
+   */
+  public static final class PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey implements Serializable {
+    private final RecursivePkgKey recursivePkgKey;
+    private final FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy;
+
+    private PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey(RecursivePkgKey recursivePkgKey,
+        FilteringPolicy filteringPolicy) {
+      this.recursivePkgKey = Preconditions.checkNotNull(recursivePkgKey);
+      this.filteringPolicy = Preconditions.checkNotNull(filteringPolicy);
+    }
+
+    public RecursivePkgKey getRecursivePkgKey() {
+      return recursivePkgKey;
+    }
+
+    public FilteringPolicy getFilteringPolicy() {
+      return filteringPolicy;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (!(o instanceof PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey that = (PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryKey) o;
+      return Objects.equals(recursivePkgKey, that.recursivePkgKey)
+          && Objects.equals(filteringPolicy, that.filteringPolicy);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return Objects.hash(recursivePkgKey, filteringPolicy);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SequencedSkyframeExecutor.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SequencedSkyframeExecutor.java
index 452fb86..ef22ab9 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SequencedSkyframeExecutor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SequencedSkyframeExecutor.java
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@
           SkyFunctions.FILE,
           SkyFunctions.DIRECTORY_LISTING_STATE,
           SkyFunctions.TARGET_PATTERN,
+          SkyFunctions.PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERN,
           SkyFunctions.WORKSPACE_FILE);
 
   @Override
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyFunctions.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyFunctions.java
index 047db51..b6944c5 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyFunctions.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyFunctions.java
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
   public static final SkyFunctionName TARGET_PATTERN = SkyFunctionName.create("TARGET_PATTERN");
   public static final SkyFunctionName PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERNS =
       SkyFunctionName.create("PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERNS");
+  public static final SkyFunctionName PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERN =
+      SkyFunctionName.create("PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERN");
+  public static final SkyFunctionName PREPARE_DEPS_OF_TARGETS_UNDER_DIRECTORY =
+      SkyFunctionName.create("PREPARE_DEPS_OF_TARGETS_UNDER_DIRECTORY");
   public static final SkyFunctionName RECURSIVE_PKG = SkyFunctionName.create("RECURSIVE_PKG");
   public static final SkyFunctionName TRANSITIVE_TARGET =
       SkyFunctionName.create("TRANSITIVE_TARGET");
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeExecutor.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeExecutor.java
index 561c9db..b2ed3c6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeExecutor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeExecutor.java
@@ -308,6 +308,9 @@
     map.put(SkyFunctions.GLOB, new GlobFunction());
     map.put(SkyFunctions.TARGET_PATTERN, new TargetPatternFunction(pkgLocator));
     map.put(SkyFunctions.PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERNS, new PrepareDepsOfPatternsFunction());
+    map.put(SkyFunctions.PREPARE_DEPS_OF_PATTERN, new PrepareDepsOfPatternFunction(pkgLocator));
+    map.put(SkyFunctions.PREPARE_DEPS_OF_TARGETS_UNDER_DIRECTORY,
+        new PrepareDepsOfTargetsUnderDirectoryFunction());
     map.put(SkyFunctions.RECURSIVE_PKG, new RecursivePkgFunction());
     map.put(SkyFunctions.PACKAGE, new PackageFunction(
         reporter, pkgFactory, packageManager, showLoadingProgress, packageFunctionCache,