// Copyright 2018 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package com.google.devtools.build.lib.sandbox;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.shell.Subprocess;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.shell.SubprocessBuilder;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.OS;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.versioning.GnuVersionParser;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.versioning.ParseException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.versioning.SemVer;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
import com.google.gson.stream.JsonWriter;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/** A sandboxfs implementation that uses an external sandboxfs binary to manage the mount point. */
final class RealSandboxfsProcess implements SandboxfsProcess {
  private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(RealSandboxfsProcess.class.getName());

  /** Directory on which the sandboxfs is serving. */
  private final Path mountPoint;

  /**
   * Process handle to the sandboxfs instance.  Null only after {@link #destroy()} has been invoked.
   */
  private @Nullable Subprocess process;

  /**
   * Writer with which to send data to the sandboxfs instance.  Null only after {@link #destroy()}
   * has been invoked.
   */
  private @Nullable BufferedWriter processStdIn;

  /**
   * Reader with which to receive data from the sandboxfs instance.  Null only after
   * {@link #destroy()} has been invoked.
   */
  private @Nullable BufferedReader processStdOut;

  /**
   * Shutdown hook to stop the sandboxfs instance on abrupt termination.  Null only after
   * {@link #destroy()} has been invoked.
   */
  private @Nullable Thread shutdownHook;

  /**
   * Initializes a new sandboxfs process instance.
   *
   * @param process process handle for the already-running sandboxfs instance
   */
  private RealSandboxfsProcess(Path mountPoint, Subprocess process) {
    this.mountPoint = mountPoint;

    this.process = process;
    this.processStdIn = new BufferedWriter(
        new OutputStreamWriter(process.getOutputStream(), UTF_8));
    this.processStdOut = new BufferedReader(
        new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream(), UTF_8));

    this.shutdownHook =
        new Thread(
            () -> {
              try {
                this.destroy();
              } catch (Exception e) {
                log.warning("Failed to destroy running sandboxfs instance; mount point may have "
                    + "been left behind: " + e);
              }
            });
    Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
  }

  /**
   * Mounts a new sandboxfs instance.
   *
   * <p>The root of the file system instance is left unmapped which means that it remains as
   * read-only throughout the lifetime of this instance. Writable subdirectories can later be mapped
   * via {@link #createSandbox}.
   *
   * @param binary path to the sandboxfs binary. This is a {@link PathFragment} and not a {@link
   *     Path} because we want to support "bare" (non-absolute) names for the location of the
   *     sandboxfs binary; such names are automatically looked for in the {@code PATH}.
   * @param mountPoint directory on which to mount the sandboxfs instance
   * @param logFile path to the file that will receive all sandboxfs logging output
   * @return a new handle that represents the running process
   * @throws IOException if there is a problem starting the process
   */
  static SandboxfsProcess mount(PathFragment binary, Path mountPoint, Path logFile)
      throws IOException {
    log.info("Mounting sandboxfs (" + binary + ") onto " + mountPoint);

    GnuVersionParser<SemVer> parser = new GnuVersionParser<>("sandboxfs", SemVer::parse);
    try {
      parser.fromProgram(binary);
    } catch (IOException | ParseException e) {
      throw new IOException("Failed to get sandboxfs version from " + binary, e);
    }

    ImmutableList.Builder<String> argvBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();

    argvBuilder.add(binary.getPathString());

    // On macOS, we need to allow users other than self to access the sandboxfs instance.  This is
    // necessary because macOS's amfid, which runs as root, has to have access to the binaries
    // within the sandbox in order to validate signatures. See:
    // http://julio.meroh.net/2017/10/fighting-execs-sandboxfs-macos.html
    argvBuilder.add(OS.getCurrent() == OS.DARWIN ? "--allow=other" : "--allow=self");

    // TODO(jmmv): Pass flags to enable sandboxfs' debugging support (--listen_address and --debug)
    // when requested by the user via --sandbox_debug.  Tricky because we have to figure out how to
    // deal with port numbers (which sandboxfs can autoassign, but doesn't currently promise a way
    // to tell us back what it picked).

    argvBuilder.add(mountPoint.getPathString());

    SubprocessBuilder processBuilder = new SubprocessBuilder();
    processBuilder.setArgv(argvBuilder.build());
    processBuilder.setStderr(logFile.getPathFile());
    processBuilder.setEnv(ImmutableMap.of(
        // sandboxfs may need to locate fusermount depending on the FUSE implementation so pass the
        // PATH to the subprocess (which we assume is sufficient).
        "PATH", System.getenv("PATH")));

    Subprocess process = processBuilder.start();
    RealSandboxfsProcess sandboxfs = new RealSandboxfsProcess(mountPoint, process);
    try {
      // Create an empty sandbox to ensure sandboxfs is successfully serving.
      sandboxfs.createSandbox("empty", ImmutableList.of());
    } catch (IOException e) {
      process.destroyAndWait();
      throw new IOException("sandboxfs failed to start", e);
    }
    return sandboxfs;
  }

  @Override
  public Path getMountPoint() {
    return mountPoint;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean isAlive() {
    return process != null && !process.finished();
  }

  @Override
  public synchronized void destroy() {
    if (shutdownHook != null) {
      Runtime.getRuntime().removeShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
      shutdownHook = null;
    }

    if (processStdIn != null) {
      try {
        processStdIn.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        log.warning("Failed to close sandboxfs's stdin pipe: " + e);
      }
      processStdIn = null;
    }

    if (processStdOut != null) {
      try {
        processStdOut.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        log.warning("Failed to close sandboxfs's stdout pipe: " + e);
      }
      processStdOut = null;
    }

    if (process != null) {
      process.destroyAndWait();
      process = null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Pushes a new configuration to sandboxfs and waits for acceptance.
   *
   * @param config the configuration chunk to push to sandboxfs
   * @throws IOException if sandboxfs cannot be reconfigured either because of an error in the
   *     configuration or because we failed to communicate with the subprocess
   */
  private synchronized void reconfigure(String config) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(processStdIn, "sandboxfs already has been destroyed");
    processStdIn.write(config);
    processStdIn.write("\n\n");
    processStdIn.flush();

    checkNotNull(processStdOut, "sandboxfs has already been destroyed");
    String done = processStdOut.readLine();
    if (done == null) {
      throw new IOException("premature end of output from sandboxfs");
    }
    if (!done.equals("Done")) {
      throw new IOException("received unknown string from sandboxfs: " + done + "; expected Done");
    }
  }

  /** Encodes a mapping into JSON. */
  @SuppressWarnings("UnnecessaryParentheses")
  private static void writeMapping(JsonWriter writer, PathFragment root, Mapping mapping)
      throws IOException {
    writer.beginObject();
    {
      writer.name("Mapping");
      writer.value((root.getRelative(mapping.path().toRelative())).getPathString());
      writer.name("Target");
      writer.value(mapping.target().getPathString());
      writer.name("Writable");
      writer.value(mapping.writable());
    }
    writer.endObject();
  }

  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("UnnecessaryParentheses")
  public void createSandbox(String name, List<Mapping> mappings) throws IOException {
    checkArgument(!PathFragment.containsSeparator(name));
    PathFragment root = PathFragment.create("/").getRelative(name);

    StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
    try (JsonWriter writer = new JsonWriter(stringWriter)) {
      writer.beginArray();
      for (Mapping mapping : mappings) {
        writer.beginObject();
        {
          writer.name("Map");
          writeMapping(writer, root, mapping);
        }
        writer.endObject();
      }
      writer.endArray();
    }
    reconfigure(stringWriter.toString());
  }

  @Override
  @SuppressWarnings("UnnecessaryParentheses")
  public void destroySandbox(String name) throws IOException {
    checkArgument(!PathFragment.containsSeparator(name));
    PathFragment root = PathFragment.create("/").getRelative(name);

    StringWriter stringWriter = new StringWriter();
    try (JsonWriter writer = new JsonWriter(stringWriter)) {
      writer.beginArray();
      {
        writer.beginObject();
        {
          writer.name("Unmap");
          writer.value(root.getPathString());
        }
        writer.endObject();
      }
      writer.endArray();
    }
    reconfigure(stringWriter.toString());
  }
}