// Copyright 2014 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package com.google.devtools.build.lib.query2.query;

import com.google.common.base.Throwables;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.Label;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.AbstractQueueVisitor;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.AbstractQueueVisitor.ExceptionHandlingMode;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ErrorClassifier;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.NamedForkJoinPool;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.QuiescingExecutor;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.ThreadSafety.ThreadSafe;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.ExtendedEventHandler;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Aspect;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.AspectDefinition;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Attribute;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.DependencyFilter;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.LabelVisitationUtils;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchThingException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.OutputFile;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Rule;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Target;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.TargetEdgeObserver;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.TargetProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.query2.engine.QueryEnvironment;
import java.util.OptionalInt;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * Visit the transitive closure of a label. Primarily used to "fault in" packages to the
 * packageProvider and ensure the necessary targets exists, in advance of the configuration step,
 * which is intolerant of missing packages/targets.
 *
 * <p>LabelVisitor loads packages concurrently where possible, to increase I/O parallelism. However,
 * the public interface is not thread-safe: calls to public methods should not be made concurrently.
 *
 * <p>LabelVisitor is stateful: It remembers the previous visitation and can check its validity on
 * subsequent calls to sync() instead of doing the normal visitation.
 *
 * <p>TODO(bazel-team): (2009) a small further optimization could be achieved if we create tasks at
 * the package (not individual label) level, since package loading is the expensive step. This would
 * require additional bookkeeping to maintain the list of labels that we need to visit once a
 * package becomes available. Profiling suggests that there is still a potential benefit to be
 * gained: when the set of packages is known a-priori, loading a set of packages that took 20
 * seconds can be done under 5 in the sequential case or 7 in the current (parallel) case.
 *
 * <h4>Concurrency</h4>
 *
 * <p>The sync() methods of this class is thread-compatible. The accessor ({@link #hasVisited} and
 * similar must not be called until the concurrent phase is over, i.e. all external calls to visit()
 * methods have completed.
 */
final class LabelVisitor {
  private static final VisitationAttributes NONE =
      new VisitationAttributes(ImmutableSet.of(), OptionalInt.of(0));

  /** Attributes of a visitation which determine whether it is up-to-date or not. */
  private static class VisitationAttributes {
    private final Set<Target> targetsToVisit;
    private final OptionalInt maxDepth;
    private boolean success;

    VisitationAttributes(Set<Target> targetsToVisit, OptionalInt maxDepth) {
      this.targetsToVisit = targetsToVisit;
      this.maxDepth = maxDepth;
    }

    /** Returns true if and only if this visitation attribute is still up-to-date. */
    boolean current(VisitationAttributes lastVisitation) {
      return targetsToVisit.equals(lastVisitation.targetsToVisit)
          && (lastVisitation.maxDepth.isEmpty()
              || !QueryEnvironment.shouldVisit(maxDepth, lastVisitation.maxDepth.getAsInt()));
    }
  }

  /*
   * Interrupts during the loading phase ===================================
   *
   * Bazel can be interrupted in the middle of the loading phase. The mechanics
   * of this are far from trivial, so there is an explanation of how they are
   * supposed to work. For a description how the same thing works in the
   * execution phase, see ParallelBuilder.java .
   *
   * The sequence of events that happen when the user presses Ctrl-C is the
   * following:
   *
   * 1. A SIGINT gets delivered to the Bazel client process.
   *
   * 2. The client process delivers the SIGINT to the server process.
   *
   * 3. The interruption state of the main thread is set to true.
   *
   * 4. Sooner or later, this results in an InterruptedException being thrown.
   * Usually this takes place because the main thread is interrupted during
   * AbstractQueueVisitor.awaitTermination(). The only exception to this is when
   * the interruption occurs during the loading of a package of a label
   * specified on the command line; in this case, the InterruptedException is
   * thrown during the loading of an individual package (see below where this
   * can occur)
   *
   * 5. The main thread calls ThreadPoolExecutor.shutdown(), which in turn
   * interrupts every worker thread. Then the main thread waits for their
   * termination.
   *
   * 6. An InterruptedException is thrown during the loading of an individual
   * package in the worker threads.
   *
   * 7. All worker threads terminate.
   *
   * 8. An InterruptedException is thrown from
   * AbstractQueueVisitor.awaitTermination()
   *
   * 9. This exception causes the execution of the currently running command to
   * terminate prematurely.
   *
   * The interruption of the loading of an individual package happens as follow:
   *
   * 1. We periodically check the interruption state of the thread in
   * UnixGlob.reallyGlob(). If it is interrupted, an InterruptedException is
   * thrown.
   *
   * 2. The stack is unwound until we are out of the part of the call stack
   * responsible for package loading. This either means that the worker thread
   * terminates or that the label parsing terminates if the package that is
   * being loaded was specified on the command line.
   */
  private final TargetProvider targetProvider;
  private final DependencyFilter edgeFilter;
  private final ConcurrentMap<Label, Integer> visitedTargets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

  private VisitationAttributes lastVisitation;

  /** Constant for limiting the permitted depth of recursion. */
  private static final int RECURSION_LIMIT = 100;

  /**
   * Construct a LabelVisitor.
   *
   * @param targetProvider how to resolve labels to targets
   * @param edgeFilter which edges may be traversed
   */
  public LabelVisitor(TargetProvider targetProvider, DependencyFilter edgeFilter) {
    this.targetProvider = targetProvider;
    this.lastVisitation = NONE;
    this.edgeFilter = edgeFilter;
  }

  void syncWithVisitor(
      ExtendedEventHandler eventHandler,
      Set<Target> targetsToVisit,
      boolean keepGoing,
      int parallelThreads,
      OptionalInt maxDepth,
      TargetEdgeObserver observer)
      throws InterruptedException {
    VisitationAttributes nextVisitation = new VisitationAttributes(targetsToVisit, maxDepth);
    if (!lastVisitation.success || !nextVisitation.current(lastVisitation)) {
      lastVisitation = nextVisitation;
      lastVisitation.success =
          redoVisitation(
              eventHandler, targetsToVisit, keepGoing, parallelThreads, maxDepth, observer);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Performs a bounded transitive closure visitation, similar to syncWithVisitor, but does not
   * cache the result.
   */
  public void syncUncached(
      ExtendedEventHandler eventHandler,
      Iterable<Target> targetsToVisit,
      boolean keepGoing,
      int parallelThreads,
      OptionalInt maxDepth,
      TargetEdgeObserver observer)
      throws InterruptedException {
    lastVisitation = NONE;
    redoVisitation(eventHandler, targetsToVisit, keepGoing, parallelThreads, maxDepth, observer);
  }

  // Does a bounded transitive visitation starting at the given top-level targets.
  private boolean redoVisitation(
      ExtendedEventHandler eventHandler,
      Iterable<Target> targetsToVisit,
      boolean keepGoing,
      int parallelThreads,
      OptionalInt maxDepth,
      TargetEdgeObserver observer)
      throws InterruptedException {
    visitedTargets.clear();

    Visitor visitor = new Visitor(eventHandler, keepGoing, parallelThreads, maxDepth, observer);

    Throwable uncaught = null;
    boolean result;
    try {
      visitor.visitTargets(targetsToVisit);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      visitor.stopNewActions();
      uncaught = t;
    } finally {
      // Run finish() in finally block to ensure we don't leak threads on exceptions.
      result = visitor.finish();
    }
    Throwables.propagateIfPossible(uncaught);
    return result;
  }

  public boolean hasVisited(Label target) {
    return visitedTargets.containsKey(target);
  }

  private class Visitor {
    private static final String THREAD_NAME = "LabelVisitor";

    private final ExecutorService executorService;
    private final QuiescingExecutor executor;
    private final ExtendedEventHandler eventHandler;
    private final OptionalInt maxDepth;

    // Observers are stored individually instead of in a list to reduce iteration cost.
    private final TargetEdgeObserver observer;
    private final TargetEdgeErrorObserver errorObserver = new TargetEdgeErrorObserver();

    Visitor(
        ExtendedEventHandler eventHandler,
        boolean keepGoing,
        int parallelThreads,
        OptionalInt maxDepth,
        TargetEdgeObserver observer) {
      if (parallelThreads > 1) {
        this.executorService = NamedForkJoinPool.newNamedPool(THREAD_NAME, parallelThreads);
      } else {
        // ForkJoinPool has a bug where it deadlocks with parallelism=1, so use a
        // SingleThreadExecutor instead.
        this.executorService =
            Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(
                new ThreadFactoryBuilder().setNameFormat(THREAD_NAME + " %d").build());
      }
      this.executor =
          AbstractQueueVisitor.createWithExecutorService(
              executorService,
              keepGoing ? ExceptionHandlingMode.KEEP_GOING : ExceptionHandlingMode.FAIL_FAST,
              ErrorClassifier.DEFAULT);
      this.eventHandler = eventHandler;
      this.maxDepth = maxDepth;
      this.observer = observer;
    }

    /**
     * Visit the specified labels and follow the transitive closure of their outbound dependencies.
     *
     * @param targets the targets to visit
     */
    @ThreadSafe
    public void visitTargets(Iterable<Target> targets) throws InterruptedException {
      for (Target target : targets) {
        visit(null, null, target, 0, 0);
      }
    }

    @ThreadSafe
    public boolean finish() throws InterruptedException {
      executor.awaitQuiescence(/*interruptWorkers=*/ true);
      return !errorObserver.hasErrors();
    }

    void stopNewActions() {
      executorService.shutdownNow();
    }

    private void enqueueTarget(Target from, Attribute attr, Label label, int depth, int count) {
      // Don't perform the targetProvider lookup if at the maximum depth already.
      if (maxDepth.isPresent() && depth >= maxDepth.getAsInt()) {
        return;
      }

      // Avoid thread-related overhead when not crossing packages.
      // Can start a new thread when count reaches 100, to prevent infinite recursion.
      if (from != null
          && from.getLabel().getPackageFragment().equals(label.getPackageFragment())
          && count < RECURSION_LIMIT) {
        newVisitRunnable(from, attr, label, depth, count + 1).run();
      } else {
        executor.execute(newVisitRunnable(from, attr, label, depth, 0));
      }
    }

    private Runnable newVisitRunnable(
        final Target from,
        final Attribute attr,
        final Label label,
        final int depth,
        final int count) {
      return () -> {
        try {
          visit(from, attr, targetProvider.getTarget(eventHandler, label), depth + 1, count);
        } catch (NoSuchThingException e) {
          observeError(from, label, e);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
        }
      };
    }

    /**
     * Visits the target and its package.
     *
     * <p>Potentially blocking invocations into the package cache are enqueued in the worker pool if
     * CONCURRENT.
     */
    private void visit(Target from, Attribute attribute, final Target target, int depth, int count)
        throws InterruptedException {
      if (target == null) {
        throw new NullPointerException(
            String.format(
                "'%s' attribute '%s'",
                from == null ? "(null)" : from.getLabel().toString(),
                attribute == null ? "(null)" : attribute.getName()));
      }
      if (!QueryEnvironment.shouldVisit(maxDepth, depth)) {
        return;
      }

      if (from != null) {
        observeEdge(from, attribute, target);
        visitAspectsIfRequired(from, attribute, target, depth, count);
      }
      visitTargetNode(target, depth, count);
    }

    private void visitAspectsIfRequired(
        Target from, Attribute attribute, final Target to, int depth, int count) {
      // TODO(bazel-team): The getAspects call below is duplicate work for each direct dep entailed
      // by an attribute's value. Additionally, we might end up enqueueing the same exact visitation
      // multiple times: consider the case where the same direct dependency is entailed by aspects
      // of *different* attributes. These visitations get culled later, but we still have to pay the
      // overhead for all that.

      if (!(from instanceof Rule fromRule) || !(to instanceof Rule toRule)) {
        return;
      }
      for (Aspect aspect : attribute.getAspects(fromRule)) {
        if (AspectDefinition.satisfies(
            aspect, toRule.getRuleClassObject().getAdvertisedProviders())) {
          AspectDefinition.forEachLabelDepFromAllAttributesOfAspect(
              aspect,
              edgeFilter,
              (aspectAttribute, aspectLabel) ->
                  enqueueTarget(from, aspectAttribute, aspectLabel, depth, count));
        }
      }
    }

    /**
     * Visit the specified target. Called in a worker thread if CONCURRENT.
     *
     * @param target the target to visit
     */
    private void visitTargetNode(Target target, int depth, int count) throws InterruptedException {
      Integer minTargetDepth = visitedTargets.putIfAbsent(target.getLabel(), depth);
      if (minTargetDepth != null) {
        // The target was already visited at a greater depth.
        // The closure we are about to build is therefore a subset of what
        // has already been built, and we can skip it.
        // Also special case no depth bound, where we never want to revisit targets.
        // (This avoids loading phase overhead outside of queries).
        if (maxDepth.isEmpty() || minTargetDepth <= depth) {
          return;
        }
        // Check again in case it was overwritten by another thread.
        synchronized (visitedTargets) {
          if (visitedTargets.get(target.getLabel()) <= depth) {
            return;
          }
          visitedTargets.put(target.getLabel(), depth);
        }
      }

      observeNode(target);

      // LabelVisitor has some legacy special handling of OutputFiles.
      if (target instanceof OutputFile outputFile) {
        Rule rule = outputFile.getGeneratingRule();
        observeEdge(target, null, rule);
        visit(null, null, rule, depth + 1, count + 1);
      }

      LabelVisitationUtils.visitTarget(
          target,
          edgeFilter,
          (fromTarget, attribute, toLabel) ->
              enqueueTarget(target, attribute, toLabel, depth, count));
    }

    private void observeEdge(Target from, Attribute attribute, Target to) {
      observer.edge(from, attribute, to);
      errorObserver.edge(from, attribute, to);
    }

    private void observeNode(Target target) {
      observer.node(target);
      errorObserver.node(target);
    }

    private void observeError(Target from, Label label, NoSuchThingException e) {
      observer.missingEdge(from, label, e);
      errorObserver.missingEdge(from, label, e);
    }
  }
}