Fix linux docker images pipeline (#2731)

Fix Create Linux Docker Image pipeline
[Failures](https://buildkite.com/bazel-trusted/create-linux-docker-images
)

This is a quick fix for Debian 10 and Ubuntu 20.04 Docker image builds.
A full migration of CI pipelines to Debian 13 and Ubuntu 24.04 LTS is
needed as a long-term solution.

Debian 10 reached End-of-Life (EOL) in June 2024. Active APT mirrors
(deb.debian.org and security.debian.org) removed buster indices, causing
404 Not Found errors during apt-get update.
Fix:
Re-pointed EOL APT repositories to archive.debian.org and disabled repo
expiration checks to resolve 404 Not Found build failures.

Ubuntu 20.04:
ARM64 Google Cloud SDK failure: Recent SDK versions require Python 3.10+
on ARM64, conflicting with Ubuntu 20.04's default Python 3.8.
Fix: Pinned google-cloud-sdk=466.0.0-0 (to resolve Python 3.8 dependency
conflicts on ARM64)

Missing OpenJDK 21 package: Canonical's official Ubuntu 20.04 APT
repositories do not carry Java 21 (they top out at Java 17).
Fix: switched to openjdk-17-jdk-headless (as OpenJDK 21 is not available
in Ubuntu 20.04 repositories).

Changes are tested on the [testing
branch](https://buildkite.com/bazel-trusted/create-linux-docker-images/builds/67)