Bazel Release Playbook

This is the guide to conducting a Bazel release. This is especially relevant for release managers, but will be of interest to anyone who is curious about the release process.

Preface

For future reference and release managers - the release manager playbook should be treated like an IKEA manual. That means: Do not try to be smart, optimize / skip / reorder steps, otherwise chaos will ensue. Just follow it and the end result will be.. well, a usable piece of furniture, or a Bazel release (depending on the manual).

Like aviation and workplace safety regulations, the playbook is written in the tears and blood of broken Bazelisks, pipelines, releases and Git branches. Assume that every step is exactly there for a reason, even if it might not be obvious. If you follow them to the letter, they are not error prone. Errors have only happened in the past, when a release manager thought it's ok to follow them by spirit instead. ;)

-- @philwo

One-time setup

These steps only have to be performed once, ever.

Preparing a new release

  1. Create a release blockers milestone named “X.Y.Z release blockers” (case-sensitive), where we keep track of issues that must be resolved before the release goes out.
    • Set the (tentative) release date.
    • Add this description: Issues that need to be resolved before the X.Y.Z release..
    • Refer to this example
  2. Create a release tracking issue to keep the community updated about the progress of the release. See example. Pin this issue.
  3. Create the branch for the release. The branch should always be named release-X.Y.Z (the .Z part is important). Cherry-pick PRs will be sent against this branch.
    • The actual creation of the branch can be done via the GitHub UI or via the command line. For minor and patch releases, create the branch from the previous release tag, if possible. How we choose the base commit of the branch depends on the type of the release:
    • For patch releases (X.Y.Z where Z>0), the base commit should simply be X.Y.(Z-1).
    • For minor releases (X.Y.0 where Y>0), the base commit should typically be X.(Y-1).<current max Z>.
    • For major releases (X.0.0), the base commit is some “healthy” commit on the main branch.
      • This means that there's an extra step involved in preparing the release -- “cutting” the release branch, so to speak. For this, check the Bazel@HEAD+Downstream pipeline. The branch cut should happen on a green commit there; if the pipeline is persistently red, work with the Green Team to resolve it first and delay the branch cut as needed.
      • A first release candidate should immediately be created after the release branch is created. See create a release candidate below.
  4. After creating the branch, edit the CODEOWNERS file on that branch, replace the entire contents of the file with the line * @your-github-username and submit it directly.
    • This makes sure that all PRs sent against that branch have you as a reviewer.
  5. Update the branch name in the scheduled build for release branches by editing the “build branch” field here. Set it to release-X.Y.Z so that downstream tests run against this branch.
  6. Ping @meteorcloudy to configure a GitHub merge queue for this new branch.
  7. (For minor release only) Send an email to bazel-discuss@googlegroups.com announcing the next release.
    • It should contain the text: The Bazel X.Y.Z release branch (release-X.Y.Z [link]) is open for business. Please send cherry-pick PRs against this branch if you'd like your change to be in X.Y.Z. Please follow the release tracking issue [link] for updates.
  8. Meanwhile, begin the internal approval process, too.
    • Note that certain steps in the internal approval process require at least preliminary release notes, so those steps should usually wait until the first release candidate is pushed and the release notes have taken vague shape.
    • Please make sure that the Eng team review status is explicit in the release announcement doc. The release notes should be approved before starting the internal review process.

Maintaining the release

While the release is active, you should make sure to do the following:

  • Monitor the “potential release blocker” label.
    • These are issues or PRs that community members have proposed to be fixed/included in the next release. Check each of these and decide whether they should be release blockers; if so, add a comment with the text @bazel-io fork X.Y.Z and a copy of the issue will be added to the “X.Y.Z release blockers” milestone; if not, explain why in a comment, and remove the “potential release blocker” label.
  • For cherry-picks,
    • If a Bazel team member has proposed the fixes, then proceed with the cherry-pick and merge it.
    • If a Bazel team member authors a commit and a community member asks to cherry-pick, then confirm with the author before cherry-picking the PR to make sure this change is safe to merge.
    • If a community member author a commit and asks to cherry-pick, then confirm with the reviewer before cherry-picking the PR to make sure that the change is safe to merge.
    • Notes:
      • All cherry-pick PRs sent to a release branch should be reviewed and approved by a Bazel team member (usually the reviewer of the original PR)
      • Before merging a change into the release branch, confirm that the original change is already merged at Bazel@HEAD. One simple way to do this is to make sure all cherry-picked commits contain PiperOrigin-RevId: <CL number> in the commit message. For some exceptions, if it‘s really specific to the release branch, include a good reason in the PR description and make sure it’s signed-off by a Bazel team member.
      • If a requested cherry-pick has merge conflicts that cannot be resolved without cherry-picking additional commits, ask the author of the original commit to submit a PR directly against the release branch.
  • Review any PRs sent to the release branch and merge them as necessary.
    • Make sure to close any related release blocker issues after merging the PRs; merging PRs into non-main branches does not automatically close related issues (see GitHub docs).
    • Before closing a release blocker issue, add a comment indicating how the issue was resolved, for better tracking (e.g. cherry-picked in #XYZ - see this example)
  • Periodically check downstream tests that are run against the release branch to catch any breakages early on in the process. If you see any failures that don't appear at HEAD, reach out to the Bazel team, open an issue if needed, and add the issue to the release blockers list.
  • When enough PRs have been cherry-picked and the release is nearing a ready state, create a release candidate (see below).
    • One week before pushing the final release candidate, go through all the remaining issues on the milestone to triage and add the “soft-release-blocker” label.
    • When a few days pass and no more release blockers show up, push the candidate as the release (issues and pull requests with the “soft-release-blocker” labels can move to the next release if they are not resolved/merged yet). Otherwise, rinse and repeat the steps above.
  • Keep the task list in the release tracking issue updated and check boxes as you follow the release process.
    • In particular, try and keep the estimated release date updated.
  • If there is a request to backport a fix to a previous minor release, then add the “potential N.x cherry-picks” label (for example, if we just released 7.2.0 release, but there is a request to make some changes to fix 6.4.0, then we should put the label, “potential 6.x cherry-picks” label). If there are about five or more issues/PRs with the label, then we should start a discussion to release a new minor release for the previous LTS track.
    • Note: Create and monitor this label when once we start working on a major release; we'll always have another minor release in the previous LTS track.

Create a release candidate

  1. Create a branch (via the GitHub UI or via the command line) named release-X.Y.ZrcN at the appropriate commit.

    • This branch is essentially used as a tag (i.e. no further commits should happen on this branch). All cherry-pick commits should continue to go into the release branch (i.e. release-X.Y.Z, without the rcN part).

  2. Check BuildKite results at https://buildkite.com/bazel-trusted/bazel-release. You should see the release-X.Y.ZrcN branch here and a new build running for your release. When building a patch release for a previous LTS version, make sure to set USE_BAZEL_VERSION=X.Y.(Z-1). For example:

    • Go to https://buildkite.com/bazel-trusted/bazel-release
    • Click on “New Build” and set the following:
      • Message: Release-4.2.3rc1 (Or any message you like)
      • Commit: HEAD
      • Branch: release-4.2.3rc1
      • Option: USE_BAZEL_VERSION=4.2.2
    • If the previous version requires changes to the pipeline, create a new branch in the continuous-integration repository with the required changes (see release-4.2.4 example) and explicitly set the buildkite script path. Refer to this example.

  3. Check the postsubmit test run for the release branch to ensure that all tests on all platforms pass with the version you're about to release.

  4. When it all looks good, go back to the job in the release pipeline, click “Deploy release artifacts” for the deployment step.

  5. If that worked, click on the “Generate release notes” step to unblock it. If this is the first release candidate, copy and paste the generated text into the release announcements doc. For rcX where X>2, compare the generated notes with the release announcements working doc and add only the new/missing notes. Refer to the “Release announcement” section below for more details.

  6. Publish the RC to GitHub (this is manual step for now until it is automated through the release script)

    • Click on “draft a new release” on the release page
    • Set the tag as X.Y.ZrcN (e.g. 7.0.1rc1)
    • Set the target as the release branch (e.g. release-7.0.1rc1)
    • Copy the release notes into the description
    • Download all artifacts from the index page (e.g. everything under “Index of files” in https://releases.bazel.build/7.0.1/rc1/index.html) and upload them here
    • Select “set as a pre-release”
    • Publish the release

  7. Send out an email to bazel-discuss@googlegroups.com about the new release candidate. E.g.:

    • Subject: Bazel 7.0.1 release candidate 1 is available for testing
    • Body:
    Bazel 7.0.1rc1 is now available for those that want to try it out.

You can download it from here: https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/tag/7.0.1rc1

If you're using Bazelisk, you can point to this RC by setting USE_BAZEL_VERSION=7.0.1rc1.

Please test it out and report any issues [here](https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues) as soon as possible.
A draft of the release notes can be found [here](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pu2ARPweOCTxPsRR8snoDtkC9R51XWRyBXeiC6Ql5so/edit?usp=sharing).

  8. Add a comment to the release GitHub issue announcing that a new RC is out. See example.

  9. Post on the #general channel on the Bazel Slack announcing that a new RC is out. See example.

  10. Post a comment on all issues / PRs addressed in this RC to ask users to test (this is a manual step for now but will eventually be automated).

    Issues:

    A fix for this issue has been included in [Bazel 7.0.2 RC1](https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/tag/7.0.2rc1). Please test out the release candidate and report any issues as soon as possible.
If you're using Bazelisk, you can point to the latest RC by setting USE_BAZEL_VERSION=7.0.2rc1. Thanks!

    PRs:

    The changes in this PR have been included in [Bazel 6.5.0 RC2](https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/tag/6.5.0rc2). Please test out the release candidate and report any issues as soon as possible.
If you're using Bazelisk, you can point to the latest RC by setting USE_BAZEL_VERSION=6.5.0rc2. Thanks!

  11. Trigger a new pipeline in BuildKite to test the release candidate with all the downstream projects.

    • Go to https://buildkite.com/bazel/bazel-with-downstream-projects-bazel
    • Click “New Build”, then fill in the fields like this:
      • Message: Test Release-3.0.0rc2 (Or any message you like)
      • Commit: HEAD
      • Branch: release-3.0.0rc2
    • Note: Make sure that downstream builds for the release candidate don't have any extra breakages compared to Bazel@HEAD so that Bazel postsubmits won’t be broken after the release.

  12. Look for failing projects in red.

  13. Once issues are fixed, create a new candidate with the relevant cherry-picks.

Release announcement

The release manager is responsible for the draft release announcement.

Once the first candidate is available:

  1. Open the doc, create a new section with your release number, add a link to the GitHub issue. Note that there should be a new Bazel Release Announcement document for every major release. For minor and patch releases, use the latest open doc.
  2. Copy & paste the generated text from the “Generate release notes” step.
  3. Reorganize the notes per category (C++, Java, etc.).
  4. Assign a comment to “+pcloudy@google.com” and “+wyv@google.com” for initial review.
  5. Once approved, for each category, add a comment and assign it to the corresponding team contact: “+person for review (see guidelines at the top of the doc)”.

For each subsequent release candidate:

  1. Ensure that new commits are documented in the release announcement doc.
  2. Assign a comment to “+pcloudy@google.com” and “+wyv@google.com” for another review, if the changes are significant.
  3. If needed, assign relevant sections to the corresponding TLs for additional edits and review.

After a few days of iteration:

  1. Make sure all comments have been resolved, and the text follows the guidelines (see “How to review the notes?” in the document).
  2. [For major releases only] Ping “+radvani@google.com” to coordinate on publishing a blog post. Send a pull request to bazel-blog with release notes if needed.

Release requirements

  1. The release announcement must be ready and approved.
  2. The internal approval process is complete with all approvals granted.
  3. Verify that the conditions outlined in our policy all apply. As of July 2023 those were the following, but double check that they have not changed since then.
    1. there are no more release blocking issues
    2. at least 2 business days passed since you pushed the last RC
    3. [for major and minor releases only] at least 1 week passed since you pushed RC1
    4. the next day is a business day (i.e. no releases on Fridays or weekends)

Note: the above policies are for final releases only. RCs can be created without waiting for days in between each.

Push a release

  1. Push the final release (do not cancel midway) by running the following commands in a Bazel git repo on a Linux machine. But first make sure that:

    • the master branch is up to date to avoid overwriting parts of the CHANGELOG file
    • the final release-X.Y.ZrcN branch is identical to the release-X.Y.Z branch to avoid missing any commits
    git fetch origin release-X.Y.ZrcN
git checkout release-X.Y.ZrcN
scripts/release/release.sh release

    Warning: If this process is interrupted for any reason, please check the following before running:

    • Both release-X.Y.ZrcN and master branch are restored to the previous clean state (without addtional release commits). Without this step, you may see errors and/or multiple commits pushed.
    • Release tag is deleted locally (git tag -d X.Y.Z), otherwise rerun will cause an error that complains the tag already exists.

  2. A CI job is uploading the release artifacts to GitHub. Look for the release workflow on https://buildkite.com/bazel-trusted/bazel-release/. When building a patch release for a previous LTS version, follow the same steps above as you did when creating a release candidate (set USE_BAZEL_VERSION, etc.).

    • Once all the steps are complete, click on “Deploy release artifacts” to unblock it. Subsequently you should see the updated version in Github.
      • Ensure all binaries were uploaded to GitHub properly.
        • Why? Sometimes binaries are uploaded incorrectly.
        • How? Go to the GH releases page, click “Edit”, see if there's a red warning sign next to any binary. You need to manually upload those; get them from https://storage.googleapis.com/bazel/$RELEASE_NUMBER/release/index.html.
    • Once the binaries are uploaded and the GitHub release page looks correct, click on “Build and Publish” to unblock this step.
    • Verify that the Chocolatey package has been successfully uploaded here: https://community.chocolatey.org/packages/bazel/<version>, e.g. 6.2.0, 6.2.0-rc2.
    • Verify that the docker container has been successfully build, pushed, and tagged as latest if needed, by checking the container registry. If there are any issues, follow the instructions to manually perform these steps. Ping @meteorcloudy for help.

  3. Update the release bug:

    1. State the fact that you pushed the release
    2. Add links to the GitHub and release pages
    3. Ask the package maintainers to update the package definitions: @vbatts @excitoon
    4. Example: [https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/17695#issuecomment-1540757336]

  4. Publish versioned documentation by following go/bazel-release-docs (for major and minor releases only)

  5. [For major releases only] Coordinate with “+radvani@google.com” and merge the blog post pull request as needed.

    1. Make sure you update the date in your post (and the path) to reflect when it is actually published.
    2. Note: The blog sometimes takes time to update the homepage, so use the full path to your post to check that it is live.

  6. For major releases, update the release page to replace the generated notes with the structured releases notes from the release announcement doc and link to the blog post (see example). For minor and patch release, update the release notes without a blog post link - see example.

  7. Send out an email to bazel-discuss@googlegroups.com about the new release. E.g.:

    • Subject: Bazel 6.2.0 is released
    • Body:
    Bazel 6.2.0 is now available: https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/releases/tag/6.2.0

  8. Post on the #general channel on the Bazel Slack about the new release (same content as above).

Updating .bazelversion and the release documentation page

Submit an internal CL for the following:

  1. If this is the newest version of the most recent Bazel LTS release, update https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/blob/master/.bazelversion.
    • Make sure that the CI isn‘t skipped (no SKIP_CI tag) so that we don’t miss any errors
  2. Update the support matrix on bazel.build to reflect the latest version (for all LTS releases).

Updating Google's internal mirror

Follow the instructions here to update the internal mirror.

Updating the Homebrew recipe

Homebrew is a package manager for OS X. This section assumes that you are on a Mac OS machine with homebrew installed.

To update the bazel recipe on Homebrew, you can send a pull request to https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/blob/master/Formula/bazel.rb.

Example: https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/pull/57966

However, usually the Homebrew community takes care of this reasonably quickly, so feel free to skip this step, if you aren't familiar with it.

Updating the Chocolatey package

This is done as part of our release pipeline. If there are any issues or questions, reach out to @petemounce, an external contributor.

Updating the Scoop pakage

As of February 2019, this is done by an external contributor, @excitoon on GitHub. Ping him when there's a new release coming out.

Updating the Fedora package

This is done by an external contributor, @vbatts on GitHub. Ping him when there's a new release coming out.

Clean up

  1. Close and unpin the release tracking issue
  2. Close the release blockers milestone
  3. Ensure that internal trackers are closed