New SkyFunction: PathCasingLookupFunction

The new PathCasingLookupFunction is a SkyFunction
that can validate the casing of a path.

On case-insensitive filesystems if "foo/BUILD"
exists then "FOO/BUILD" also exists (because they
mean the same file), but this should not imply
that the "//foo" and "//FOO" packages both exist.

The new SkyFunction can validate whether
"FOO/BUILD" is the correct casing. The casing is
correct if the file's name in its parent
directory's listing is exactly the same
(case-sensitively) as the expected name.

In a later PR we can change the
PackageLookupFunction to deny loading if the path
is not correctly cased.

Motivation: https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/8799

Change-Id: Ibb2a5f4f6c6041bdfc537b33d0c6fc55e568b998

Closes #10362.

Change-Id: Ie25b9b202a1aef3b2594064b4842fc0f2fb2776b
PiperOrigin-RevId: 283939452
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PathCasingLookupFunctionTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PathCasingLookupFunctionTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0058570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/PathCasingLookupFunctionTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+// Copyright 2019 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe;
+
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.FileStateValue;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.FileValue;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.BlazeDirectories;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ServerDirectories;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.util.AnalysisMock;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.NullEventHandler;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.PathPackageLocator;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ExternalFilesHelper.ExternalFileAction;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.testutil.FoundationTestCase;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Root;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.RootedPath;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.RootedPathAndCasing;
+import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.UnixGlob;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.EvaluationContext;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.EvaluationResult;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.InMemoryMemoizingEvaluator;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.RecordingDifferencer;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SequencedRecordingDifferencer;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SequentialBuildDriver;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunction;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunctionName;
+import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyKey;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+/** Tests for {@link PathCasingLookupFunction}. */
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public final class PathCasingLookupFunctionTest extends FoundationTestCase {
+
+  private SequentialBuildDriver driver;
+  private RecordingDifferencer differencer;
+
+  @Before
+  public final void setUp() {
+    AtomicReference<PathPackageLocator> pkgLocator =
+        new AtomicReference<>(
+            new PathPackageLocator(
+                outputBase,
+                ImmutableList.of(Root.fromPath(rootDirectory)),
+                BazelSkyframeExecutorConstants.BUILD_FILES_BY_PRIORITY));
+    BlazeDirectories directories =
+        new BlazeDirectories(
+            new ServerDirectories(rootDirectory, outputBase, rootDirectory),
+            rootDirectory,
+            null,
+            AnalysisMock.get().getProductName());
+    ExternalFilesHelper externalFilesHelper =
+        ExternalFilesHelper.createForTesting(
+            pkgLocator,
+            ExternalFileAction.DEPEND_ON_EXTERNAL_PKG_FOR_EXTERNAL_REPO_PATHS,
+            directories);
+
+    AtomicReference<UnixGlob.FilesystemCalls> syscalls =
+        new AtomicReference<>(UnixGlob.DEFAULT_SYSCALLS);
+    Map<SkyFunctionName, SkyFunction> skyFunctions = new HashMap<>();
+    skyFunctions.put(
+        FileStateValue.FILE_STATE,
+        new FileStateFunction(new AtomicReference<>(), syscalls, externalFilesHelper));
+    skyFunctions.put(FileValue.FILE, new FileFunction(pkgLocator));
+    skyFunctions.put(SkyFunctions.DIRECTORY_LISTING, new DirectoryListingFunction());
+    skyFunctions.put(
+        SkyFunctions.DIRECTORY_LISTING_STATE,
+        new DirectoryListingStateFunction(externalFilesHelper, syscalls));
+    skyFunctions.put(SkyFunctions.PATH_CASING_LOOKUP, new PathCasingLookupFunction());
+
+    differencer = new SequencedRecordingDifferencer();
+    driver =
+        new SequentialBuildDriver(new InMemoryMemoizingEvaluator(skyFunctions, differencer, null));
+  }
+
+  private RootedPath rootedPath(String relative) {
+    return RootedPath.toRootedPath(Root.fromPath(rootDirectory), PathFragment.create(relative));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testSanityCheckFilesystemIsCaseInsensitive() {
+    Path p1 = rootDirectory.getRelative("Foo/Bar");
+    Path p2 = rootDirectory.getRelative("FOO/BAR");
+    Path p3 = rootDirectory.getRelative("control");
+    assertThat(p1).isNotSameInstanceAs(p2);
+    assertThat(p1).isNotSameInstanceAs(p3);
+    assertThat(p2).isNotSameInstanceAs(p3);
+    assertThat(p1).isEqualTo(p2);
+    assertThat(p1).isNotEqualTo(p3);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testPathCasingLookup() throws Exception {
+    RootedPath a = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/Baz");
+    RootedPath b = rootedPath("fOO/baR/BAZ");
+    createFile(a);
+    assertThat(a).isEqualTo(b);
+    assertThat(RootedPathAndCasing.create(a)).isNotEqualTo(RootedPathAndCasing.create(b));
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(a).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(b).isCorrect()).isFalse();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNonExistentPath() throws Exception {
+    RootedPath file = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/Baz.txt");
+    createFile(file);
+    RootedPath missing1 = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/x/y");
+    RootedPath missing2 = rootedPath("Foo/BAR/x/y");
+    // Non-existent paths are correct if their existing part is correct.
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(missing1).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(missing2).isCorrect()).isFalse();
+    // Non-existent paths are illegal if their parent exists but is not a directory.
+    RootedPath bad = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/Baz.txt/x/y");
+    Exception e = expectEvalFailure(bad);
+    assertThat(e).hasMessageThat().contains("its parent exists but is not a directory");
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testNonExistentPathThatComesIntoExistence() throws Exception {
+    RootedPath a = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/Baz");
+    RootedPath b = rootedPath("fOO/baR/BAZ");
+    assertThat(a).isEqualTo(b);
+    // Expecting RootedPath.toRootedPath not to intern instances, otherwise 'a' would be the same
+    // instance as 'b' which would nullify this test.
+    assertThat(a).isNotSameInstanceAs(b);
+    assertThat(a.toString()).isNotEqualTo(b.toString());
+    assertThat(RootedPathAndCasing.create(a)).isNotEqualTo(RootedPathAndCasing.create(b));
+    // Path does not exist, so both casings are correct!
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(a).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(b).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    // Path comes into existence.
+    createFile(a);
+    // Now only one casing is correct.
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(a).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(b).isCorrect()).isFalse();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void testExistingPathThatIsThenDeleted() throws Exception {
+    RootedPath a = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/Baz");
+    RootedPath b = rootedPath("Foo/Bar/BAZ");
+    createFile(a);
+    // Path exists, so only one casing is correct.
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(a).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(b).isCorrect()).isFalse();
+    // Path no longer exists, both casings are correct.
+    deleteFile(a);
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(a).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+    assertThat(expectEvalSuccess(b).isCorrect()).isTrue();
+  }
+
+  private void createFile(RootedPath p) throws IOException {
+    Path path = p.asPath();
+    if (!path.getParentDirectory().exists()) {
+      scratch.dir(path.getParentDirectory().getPathString());
+    }
+    scratch.file(path.getPathString());
+    invalidateFileAndParents(p);
+  }
+
+  private void deleteFile(RootedPath p) throws IOException {
+    Path path = p.asPath();
+    scratch.deleteFile(path.getPathString());
+    invalidateFileAndParents(p);
+  }
+
+  private EvaluationResult<PathCasingLookupValue> evaluate(SkyKey key) throws Exception {
+    EvaluationContext evaluationContext =
+        EvaluationContext.newBuilder()
+            .setKeepGoing(false)
+            .setNumThreads(SkyframeExecutor.DEFAULT_THREAD_COUNT)
+            .setEventHander(NullEventHandler.INSTANCE)
+            .build();
+    return driver.evaluate(ImmutableList.of(key), evaluationContext);
+  }
+
+  private PathCasingLookupValue expectEvalSuccess(RootedPath path) throws Exception {
+    SkyKey key = PathCasingLookupValue.key(path);
+    EvaluationResult<PathCasingLookupValue> result = evaluate(key);
+    assertThat(result.hasError()).isFalse();
+    return result.get(key);
+  }
+
+  private Exception expectEvalFailure(RootedPath path) throws Exception {
+    SkyKey key = PathCasingLookupValue.key(path);
+    EvaluationResult<PathCasingLookupValue> result = evaluate(key);
+    assertThat(result.hasError()).isTrue();
+    return result.getError().getException();
+  }
+
+  private void invalidateFile(RootedPath path) {
+    differencer.invalidate(ImmutableList.of(FileStateValue.key(path)));
+  }
+
+  private void invalidateDirectory(RootedPath path) {
+    invalidateFile(path);
+    differencer.invalidate(ImmutableList.of(DirectoryListingStateValue.key(path)));
+  }
+
+  private void invalidateFileAndParents(RootedPath p) {
+    invalidateFile(p);
+    do {
+      p = p.getParentDirectory();
+      invalidateDirectory(p);
+    } while (!p.getRootRelativePath().isEmpty());
+  }
+}