Rollback of commit df03e10f6552566982399b8779fe7bc7a17d75dc.

--
MOS_MIGRATED_REVID=114329043
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/ActionInputHelper.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/ActionInputHelper.java
index d134f2d..8bceb9a 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/ActionInputHelper.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/ActionInputHelper.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Functions;
 import com.google.common.collect.Collections2;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact.ArtifactExpander;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.Preconditions;
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Set;
 
 /**
  * Helper utility to create ActionInput instances.
@@ -174,20 +172,6 @@
         });
   }
 
-  /** Returns an Set of ArtifactFiles with the given parent and parent relative paths. */
-  public static Set<ArtifactFile> asArtifactFiles(
-      final Artifact parent, Set<? extends PathFragment> parentRelativePaths) {
-    Preconditions.checkState(parent.isTreeArtifact(),
-        "Given parent %s must be a TreeArtifact", parent);
-
-    ImmutableSet.Builder<ArtifactFile> builder = ImmutableSet.builder();
-    for (PathFragment path : parentRelativePaths) {
-      builder.add(artifactFile(parent, path));
-    }
-
-    return builder.build();
-  }
-
   /**
    * Expands middleman artifacts in a sequence of {@link ActionInput}s.
    *
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionExecutionFunction.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionExecutionFunction.java
index d45d282..0a21014 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionExecutionFunction.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionExecutionFunction.java
@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 
 import com.google.common.base.Function;
 import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.google.common.collect.Collections2;
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
 import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
 import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionCacheChecker.Token;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionContext;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionException;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInputHelper;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.AlreadyReportedActionExecutionException;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ArtifactFile;
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@
       // invariant of asking for the same deps each build.
       Map<SkyKey, ValueOrException2<MissingInputFileException, ActionExecutionException>> inputDeps
           = env.getValuesOrThrow(toKeys(state.allInputs.getAllInputs(),
-              action.discoversInputs() ? action.getMandatoryInputs() : null),
-          MissingInputFileException.class, ActionExecutionException.class);
+                  action.discoversInputs() ? action.getMandatoryInputs() : null),
+              MissingInputFileException.class, ActionExecutionException.class);
 
       if (!sharedActionAlreadyRan && !state.hasArtifactData()) {
         // Do we actually need to find our metadata?
@@ -281,8 +281,8 @@
 
       Map<SkyKey,
           ValueOrException2<NoSuchPackageException, InconsistentFilesystemException>> values =
-          env.getValuesOrThrow(depKeys.values(), NoSuchPackageException.class,
-              InconsistentFilesystemException.class);
+              env.getValuesOrThrow(depKeys.values(), NoSuchPackageException.class,
+                  InconsistentFilesystemException.class);
       // Check values even if some are missing so that we can throw an appropriate exception if
       // needed.
 
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@
       // We got a hit from the action cache -- no need to execute.
       return new ActionExecutionValue(
           metadataHandler.getOutputArtifactFileData(),
-          metadataHandler.getOutputTreeArtifactData(),
+          ImmutableMap.<Artifact, TreeArtifactValue>of(),
           metadataHandler.getAdditionalOutputData());
     }
 
@@ -446,8 +446,6 @@
   private static Map<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> addDiscoveredInputs(
       Map<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> originalInputData, Collection<Artifact> discoveredInputs,
       Environment env) {
-    // We assume nobody would want to discover a TreeArtifact, since TreeArtifacts are precisely
-    // for undiscoverable contents.
     Map<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> result = new HashMap<>(originalInputData);
     Set<SkyKey> keys = new HashSet<>();
     for (Artifact artifact : discoveredInputs) {
@@ -544,30 +542,25 @@
       Artifact input = ArtifactValue.artifact(depsEntry.getKey());
       try {
         ArtifactValue value = (ArtifactValue) depsEntry.getValue().get();
-        if (populateInputData) {
-          if (value instanceof AggregatingArtifactValue) {
-            AggregatingArtifactValue aggregatingValue = (AggregatingArtifactValue) value;
-            for (Pair<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> entry : aggregatingValue.getInputs()) {
-              inputArtifactData.put(entry.first, entry.second);
-            }
-            // We have to cache the "digest" of the aggregating value itself,
-            // because the action cache checker may want it.
-            inputArtifactData.put(input, aggregatingValue.getSelfData());
-            ImmutableList.Builder<ArtifactFile> expansionBuilder = ImmutableList.builder();
-            for (Pair<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> pair : aggregatingValue.getInputs()) {
-              expansionBuilder.add(pair.first);
-            }
-            expandedArtifacts.put(input, expansionBuilder.build());
-          } else if (value instanceof TreeArtifactValue) {
-            TreeArtifactValue setValue = (TreeArtifactValue) value;
-            expandedArtifacts.put(input, ActionInputHelper.asArtifactFiles(
-                    input, setValue.getChildPaths()));
-            // Again, we cache the "digest" of the value for cache checking.
-            inputArtifactData.put(input, setValue.getSelfData());
-          } else if (value instanceof FileArtifactValue) {
-            // TODO(bazel-team): Make sure middleman "virtual" artifact data is properly processed.
-            inputArtifactData.put(input, (FileArtifactValue) value);
+        if (populateInputData && value instanceof AggregatingArtifactValue) {
+          AggregatingArtifactValue aggregatingValue = (AggregatingArtifactValue) value;
+          for (Pair<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> entry : aggregatingValue.getInputs()) {
+            inputArtifactData.put(entry.first, entry.second);
           }
+          // We have to cache the "digest" of the aggregating value itself, because the action cache
+          // checker may want it.
+          inputArtifactData.put(input, aggregatingValue.getSelfData());
+          expandedArtifacts.put(input,
+              Collections2.transform(aggregatingValue.getInputs(),
+                  new Function<Pair<Artifact, FileArtifactValue>, ArtifactFile>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public ArtifactFile apply(Pair<Artifact, FileArtifactValue> pair) {
+                      return pair.first;
+                    }
+                  }));
+        } else if (populateInputData && value instanceof FileArtifactValue) {
+          // TODO(bazel-team): Make sure middleman "virtual" artifact data is properly processed.
+          inputArtifactData.put(input, (FileArtifactValue) value);
         }
       } catch (MissingInputFileException e) {
         missingCount++;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionMetadataHandler.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionMetadataHandler.java
index 0f2fb63..3d845f6 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionMetadataHandler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/ActionMetadataHandler.java
@@ -20,14 +20,12 @@
 import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
 import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInput;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInputHelper;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ArtifactFile;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.cache.Digest;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.cache.DigestUtils;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.cache.Metadata;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.cache.MetadataHandler;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.TreeArtifactValue.TreeArtifactException;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.Preconditions;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.io.TimestampGranularityMonitor;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.FileStatus;
@@ -323,45 +321,12 @@
       return value;
     }
 
-    Set<ArtifactFile> registeredContents = outputDirectoryListings.get(artifact);
-    if (registeredContents != null) {
-      // Check that our registered outputs matches on-disk outputs. Only perform this check
-      // when contents were explicitly registered.
-      // TODO(bazel-team): Provide a way for actions to register empty TreeArtifacts.
-
-      // By the time we're constructing TreeArtifactValues, use of the metadata handler
-      // should be single threaded and there should be no race condition.
-      // The current design of ActionMetadataHandler makes this hard to enforce.
-      Set<PathFragment> paths = null;
-      try {
-        paths = TreeArtifactValue.explodeDirectory(artifact);
-      } catch (TreeArtifactException e) {
-        throw new IllegalStateException(e);
-      }
-      Set<ArtifactFile> diskFiles = ActionInputHelper.asArtifactFiles(artifact, paths);
-      if (!diskFiles.equals(registeredContents)) {
-        // There might be more than one error here. We first look for missing output files.
-        Set<ArtifactFile> missingFiles = Sets.difference(registeredContents, diskFiles);
-        if (!missingFiles.isEmpty()) {
-          // Don't throw IOException--getMetadataMaybe() eats them.
-          // TODO(bazel-team): Report this error in a better way when called by checkOutputs()
-          // Currently it's hard to report this error without refactoring, since checkOutputs()
-          // likes to substitute its own error messages upon catching IOException, and falls
-          // through to unrecoverable error behavior on any other exception.
-          throw new IllegalStateException("Output file " + missingFiles.iterator().next()
-              + " was registered, but not present on disk");
-        }
-
-        Set<ArtifactFile> extraFiles = Sets.difference(diskFiles, registeredContents);
-        // extraFiles cannot be empty
-        throw new IllegalStateException(
-            "File " + extraFiles.iterator().next().getParentRelativePath()
-            + ", present in TreeArtifact " + artifact + ", was not registered");
-      }
-
-      value = constructTreeArtifactValue(registeredContents);
+    Set<ArtifactFile> contents = outputDirectoryListings.get(artifact);
+    if (contents != null) {
+      value = constructTreeArtifactValue(contents);
     } else {
-      value = constructTreeArtifactValueFromFilesystem(artifact);
+      // Functionality is planned to construct the TreeArtifactValue from disk here.
+      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
     }
 
     TreeArtifactValue oldValue = outputTreeArtifactData.putIfAbsent(artifact, value);
@@ -396,31 +361,6 @@
     return TreeArtifactValue.create(values);
   }
 
-  private TreeArtifactValue constructTreeArtifactValueFromFilesystem(Artifact artifact)
-      throws IOException {
-    Preconditions.checkState(artifact.isTreeArtifact(), artifact);
-
-    if (!artifact.getPath().isDirectory() || artifact.getPath().isSymbolicLink()) {
-      return TreeArtifactValue.MISSING_TREE_ARTIFACT;
-    }
-
-    Set<PathFragment> paths = null;
-    try {
-      paths = TreeArtifactValue.explodeDirectory(artifact);
-    } catch (TreeArtifactException e) {
-      throw new IllegalStateException(e);
-    }
-    // If you're reading tree artifacts from disk while outputDirectoryListings are being injected,
-    // something has gone terribly wrong.
-    Object previousDirectoryListing =
-        outputDirectoryListings.put(artifact,
-            Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<ArtifactFile, Boolean>()));
-    Preconditions.checkState(previousDirectoryListing == null,
-        "Race condition while constructing TreArtifactValue: %s, %s",
-        artifact, previousDirectoryListing);
-    return constructTreeArtifactValue(ActionInputHelper.asArtifactFiles(artifact, paths));
-  }
-
   @Override
   public void addExpandedTreeOutput(ArtifactFile output) {
     Preconditions.checkArgument(output.getParent().isTreeArtifact(),
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeActionExecutor.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeActionExecutor.java
index fb90b58..39adae3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeActionExecutor.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/SkyframeActionExecutor.java
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionGraph;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInput;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInputFileCache;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInputHelper;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionLogBufferPathGenerator;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionMiddlemanEvent;
 import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionStartedEvent;
@@ -440,8 +439,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void expand(Artifact artifact, Collection<? super ArtifactFile> output) {
-      Preconditions.checkState(artifact.isMiddlemanArtifact() || artifact.isTreeArtifact(),
-          artifact);
+      Preconditions.checkState(artifact.isMiddlemanArtifact(), artifact);
       Collection<ArtifactFile> result = expandedInputs.get(artifact);
       // Note that result may be null for non-aggregating middlemen.
       if (result != null) {
@@ -612,12 +610,14 @@
         }
         statusReporterRef.get().setPreparing(action);
 
+        createOutputDirectories(action);
+
         Preconditions.checkState(actionExecutionContext.getMetadataHandler() == metadataHandler,
             "%s %s", actionExecutionContext.getMetadataHandler(), metadataHandler);
         prepareScheduleExecuteAndCompleteAction(action, actionExecutionContext, actionStartTime);
         return new ActionExecutionValue(
             metadataHandler.getOutputArtifactFileData(),
-            metadataHandler.getOutputTreeArtifactData(),
+            ImmutableMap.<Artifact, TreeArtifactValue>of(),
             metadataHandler.getAdditionalOutputData());
       } finally {
         profiler.completeTask(ProfilerTask.ACTION);
@@ -629,13 +629,7 @@
     try {
       Set<Path> done = new HashSet<>(); // avoid redundant calls for the same directory.
       for (Artifact outputFile : action.getOutputs()) {
-        Path outputDir;
-        if (outputFile.isTreeArtifact()) {
-          outputDir = outputFile.getPath();
-        } else {
-          outputDir = outputFile.getPath().getParentDirectory();
-        }
-
+        Path outputDir = outputFile.getPath().getParentDirectory();
         if (done.add(outputDir)) {
           try {
             createDirectoryAndParents(outputDir);
@@ -706,7 +700,6 @@
     // the action really does produce the outputs.
     try {
       action.prepare(context.getExecutor().getExecRoot());
-      createOutputDirectories(action);
     } catch (IOException e) {
       reportError("failed to delete output files before executing action", e, action, null);
     }
@@ -849,35 +842,6 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // TODO TODOTIJDSO: maybe just set directories r/o and executable always
-  private static void setPathReadOnlyAndExecutable(MetadataHandler metadataHandler,
-      ArtifactFile file)
-      throws IOException {
-    Path path = file.getPath();
-    if (path.isFile(Symlinks.NOFOLLOW)) { // i.e. regular files only.
-      // We trust the files created by the execution-engine to be non symlinks with expected
-      // chmod() settings already applied.
-      if (!metadataHandler.isInjected(file)) {
-        path.chmod(0555);  // Sets the file read-only and executable.
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static void setTreeReadOnlyAndExecutable(MetadataHandler metadataHandler, Artifact parent,
-      PathFragment subpath) throws IOException {
-    Path path = parent.getPath().getRelative(subpath);
-    if (path.isDirectory()) {
-      path.chmod(0555);
-      for (Path child : path.getDirectoryEntries()) {
-        setTreeReadOnlyAndExecutable(metadataHandler, parent,
-            subpath.getChild(child.getBaseName()));
-      }
-    } else {
-      setPathReadOnlyAndExecutable(
-          metadataHandler, ActionInputHelper.artifactFile(parent, subpath));
-    }
-  }
-
   /**
    * For each of the action's outputs that is a regular file (not a symbolic
    * link or directory), make it read-only and executable.
@@ -899,13 +863,14 @@
     Preconditions.checkState(!action.getActionType().isMiddleman());
 
     for (Artifact output : action.getOutputs()) {
-      if (output.isTreeArtifact()) {
-        // Preserve existing behavior: we don't set non-TreeArtifact directories
-        // read only and executable. However, it's unusual for non-TreeArtifact outputs
-        // to be directories.
-        setTreeReadOnlyAndExecutable(metadataHandler, output, PathFragment.EMPTY_FRAGMENT);
-      } else {
-        setPathReadOnlyAndExecutable(metadataHandler, output);
+      Path path = output.getPath();
+      if (metadataHandler.isInjected(output)) {
+        // We trust the files created by the execution-engine to be non symlinks with expected
+        // chmod() settings already applied.
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (path.isFile(Symlinks.NOFOLLOW)) { // i.e. regular files only.
+        path.chmod(0555);  // Sets the file read-only and executable.
       }
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/util/TestAction.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/util/TestAction.java
index 1877b72..4b5485d 100644
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/util/TestAction.java
+++ b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/actions/util/TestAction.java
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
   private static final ResourceSet RESOURCES =
       ResourceSet.createWithRamCpuIo(/*memoryMb=*/1.0, /*cpu=*/0.1, /*io=*/0.0);
 
-  protected final Callable<Void> effect;
+  private final Callable<Void> effect;
 
   /** Use this constructor if the effect can't throw exceptions. */
   public TestAction(Runnable effect,
diff --git a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/TreeArtifactBuildTest.java b/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/TreeArtifactBuildTest.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 18d54e9..0000000
--- a/src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/skyframe/TreeArtifactBuildTest.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,773 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2016 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-package com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe;
-
-import static com.google.common.base.Throwables.getRootCause;
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-import static com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInputHelper.artifactFile;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
-import com.google.common.base.Function;
-import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
-import com.google.common.collect.Collections2;
-import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
-import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
-import com.google.common.hash.Hashing;
-import com.google.common.util.concurrent.Runnables;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionContext;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionExecutionException;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInput;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInputHelper;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact.SpecialArtifact;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact.SpecialArtifactType;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ArtifactFile;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.BuildFailedException;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Root;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.TestExecException;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.cache.InjectedStat;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.cache.MetadataHandler;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.util.TestAction;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.testutil.TestUtils;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.AbruptExitException;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.FileStatus;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.FileSystem;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.FileSystemUtils;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
-import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Symlinks;
-
-import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.Test;
-import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
-import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
-
-import java.io.IOException;
-import java.nio.charset.Charset;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Iterator;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import javax.annotation.Nullable;
-
-/** Timestamp builder tests for TreeArtifacts. */
-@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
-public class TreeArtifactBuildTest extends TimestampBuilderTestCase {
-  // Common Artifacts, ArtifactFiles, and Buttons. These aren't all used in all tests, but they're
-  // used often enough that we can save ourselves a lot of copy-pasted code by creating them
-  // in setUp().
-
-  Artifact in;
-
-  Artifact outOne;
-  ArtifactFile outOneFileOne;
-  ArtifactFile outOneFileTwo;
-  Button buttonOne = new Button();
-
-  Artifact outTwo;
-  ArtifactFile outTwoFileOne;
-  ArtifactFile outTwoFileTwo;
-  Button buttonTwo = new Button();
-
-  @Before
-  public void setUp() throws Exception {
-    in = createSourceArtifact("input");
-    writeFile(in, "input_content");
-
-    outOne = createTreeArtifact("outputOne");
-    outOneFileOne = artifactFile(outOne, "out_one_file_one");
-    outOneFileTwo = artifactFile(outOne, "out_one_file_two");
-
-    outTwo = createTreeArtifact("outputTwo");
-    outTwoFileOne = artifactFile(outTwo, "out_one_file_one");
-    outTwoFileTwo = artifactFile(outTwo, "out_one_file_two");
-  }
-
-  /** Simple smoke test. If this isn't passing, something is very wrong... */
-  @Test
-  public void testTreeArtifactSimpleCase() throws Exception {
-    TouchingTestAction action = new TouchingTestAction(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-    registerAction(action);
-    buildArtifact(action.getSoleOutput());
-
-    assertTrue(outOneFileOne.getPath().exists());
-    assertTrue(outOneFileTwo.getPath().exists());
-  }
-
-  /** Simple test for the case with dependencies. */
-  @Test
-  public void testDependentTreeArtifacts() throws Exception {
-    TouchingTestAction actionOne = new TouchingTestAction(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-    registerAction(actionOne);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        ImmutableList.of(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo),
-        ImmutableList.of(outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo));
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-
-    assertTrue(outOneFileOne.getPath().exists());
-    assertTrue(outOneFileTwo.getPath().exists());
-    assertTrue(outTwoFileOne.getPath().exists());
-    assertTrue(outTwoFileTwo.getPath().exists());
-  }
-
-  /** Unchanged TreeArtifact outputs should not cause reexecution. */
-  @Test
-  public void testCacheCheckingForTreeArtifactsDoesNotCauseReexecution() throws Exception {
-    Artifact outOne = createTreeArtifact("outputOne");
-    Button buttonOne = new Button();
-
-    Artifact outTwo = createTreeArtifact("outputTwo");
-    Button buttonTwo = new Button();
-
-    TouchingTestAction actionOne = new TouchingTestAction(
-        buttonOne, outOne, "file_one", "file_two");
-    registerAction(actionOne);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        buttonTwo, outOne, outTwo, "file_one", "file_two");
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed); // built
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed); // built
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertFalse(buttonOne.pressed); // not built
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed); // not built
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Test rebuilding TreeArtifacts for inputs, outputs, and dependents.
-   * Also a test for caching.
-   */
-  @Test
-  public void testTransitiveReexecutionForTreeArtifacts() throws Exception {
-    WriteInputToFilesAction actionOne = new WriteInputToFilesAction(
-        buttonOne,
-        in,
-        outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-    registerAction(actionOne);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        buttonTwo,
-        ImmutableList.of(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo),
-        ImmutableList.of(outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo));
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed); // built
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed); // built
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    writeFile(in, "modified_input");
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed); // built
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed); // not built
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    writeFile(outOneFileOne, "modified_output");
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed); // built
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed); // should have been cached
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    writeFile(outTwoFileOne, "more_modified_output");
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertFalse(buttonOne.pressed); // not built
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed); // built
-  }
-
-  /** Tests that changing a TreeArtifact directory should cause reexeuction. */
-  @Test
-  public void testDirectoryContentsCachingForTreeArtifacts() throws Exception {
-    WriteInputToFilesAction actionOne = new WriteInputToFilesAction(
-        buttonOne,
-        in,
-        outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-    registerAction(actionOne);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        buttonTwo,
-        ImmutableList.of(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo),
-        ImmutableList.of(outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo));
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    // just a smoke test--if these aren't built we have bigger problems!
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed);
-
-    // Adding a file to a directory should cause reexecution.
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    Path spuriousOutputOne = outOne.getPath().getRelative("spuriousOutput");
-    touchFile(spuriousOutputOne);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    // Should re-execute, and delete spurious output
-    assertFalse(spuriousOutputOne.exists());
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed); // should have been cached
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    Path spuriousOutputTwo = outTwo.getPath().getRelative("anotherSpuriousOutput");
-    touchFile(spuriousOutputTwo);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertFalse(spuriousOutputTwo.exists());
-    assertFalse(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed);
-
-    // Deleting should cause reexecution.
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    deleteFile(outOneFileOne);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(outOneFileOne.getPath().exists());
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed); // should have been cached
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    deleteFile(outTwoFileOne);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(outTwoFileOne.getPath().exists());
-    assertFalse(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed);
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * TreeArtifacts don't care about mtime, even when the file is empty.
-   * However, actions taking input non-Tree artifacts still care about mtime
-   * (although this behavior should go away).
-   */
-  @Test
-  public void testMTimeForTreeArtifactsDoesNotMatter() throws Exception {
-    // For this test, we only touch the input file.
-    Artifact in = createSourceArtifact("touchable_input");
-    touchFile(in);
-
-    WriteInputToFilesAction actionOne = new WriteInputToFilesAction(
-        buttonOne,
-        in,
-        outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-    registerAction(actionOne);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        buttonTwo,
-        ImmutableList.of(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo),
-        ImmutableList.of(outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo));
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed); // built
-    assertTrue(buttonTwo.pressed); // built
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    touchFile(in);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    // Per existing behavior, mtime matters for empty file Artifacts.
-    assertTrue(buttonOne.pressed);
-    // But this should be cached.
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed);
-
-    // None of the below following should result in anything being built.
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    touchFile(outOneFileOne);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    // Nothing should be built.
-    assertFalse(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed);
-
-    buttonOne.pressed = buttonTwo.pressed = false;
-    touchFile(outOneFileTwo);
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-    // Nothing should be built.
-    assertFalse(buttonOne.pressed);
-    assertFalse(buttonTwo.pressed);
-  }
-
-  /** Tests that the declared order of TreeArtifact contents does not matter. */
-  @Test
-  public void testOrderIndependenceOfTreeArtifactContents() throws Exception {
-    WriteInputToFilesAction actionOne = new WriteInputToFilesAction(
-        in,
-        // The design of WritingTestAction is s.t.
-        // these files will be registered in the given order.
-        outOneFileTwo, outOneFileOne);
-    registerAction(actionOne);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        ImmutableList.of(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo),
-        ImmutableList.of(outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo));
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buildArtifact(outTwo);
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testActionExpansion() throws Exception {
-    WriteInputToFilesAction action = new WriteInputToFilesAction(in, outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-
-    CopyTreeAction actionTwo = new CopyTreeAction(
-        ImmutableList.of(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo),
-        ImmutableList.of(outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo)) {
-      @Override
-      public void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-          throws ActionExecutionException {
-        super.executeTestBehavior(actionExecutionContext);
-
-        Collection<ActionInput> expanded =
-            ActionInputHelper.expandArtifacts(ImmutableList.of(outOne),
-                actionExecutionContext.getArtifactExpander());
-        // Only files registered should show up here.
-        assertThat(expanded).containsExactly(outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo);
-      }
-    };
-
-    registerAction(action);
-    registerAction(actionTwo);
-
-    buildArtifact(outTwo); // should not fail
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testInvalidOutputRegistrations() throws Exception {
-    TreeArtifactTestAction failureOne = new TreeArtifactTestAction(
-        Runnables.doNothing(), outOneFileOne, outOneFileTwo) {
-      @Override
-      public void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-          throws ActionExecutionException {
-        try {
-          writeFile(outOneFileOne, "one");
-          writeFile(outOneFileTwo, "two");
-          // In this test case, we only register one output. This will fail.
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "one");
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-          throw new RuntimeException(e);
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    registerAction(failureOne);
-    try {
-      buildArtifact(outOne);
-      fail(); // Should have thrown
-    } catch (Exception e) {
-      assertThat(getRootCause(e).getMessage()).contains("not present on disk");
-    }
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction failureTwo = new TreeArtifactTestAction(
-        Runnables.doNothing(), outTwoFileOne, outTwoFileTwo) {
-      @Override
-      public void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-          throws ActionExecutionException {
-        try {
-          writeFile(outTwoFileOne, "one");
-          writeFile(outTwoFileTwo, "two");
-          // In this test case, register too many outputs. This will fail.
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "one");
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "two");
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "three");
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-          throw new RuntimeException(e);
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    registerAction(failureTwo);
-    try {
-      buildArtifact(outTwo);
-      fail(); // Should have thrown
-    } catch (Exception e) {
-      assertThat(getRootCause(e).getMessage()).contains("not present on disk");
-    }
-  }
-
-  private static void checkDirectoryPermissions(Path path) throws IOException {
-    assertTrue(path.isDirectory());
-    assertTrue(path.isExecutable());
-    assertTrue(path.isReadable());
-    assertFalse(path.isWritable());
-  }
-
-  private static void checkFilePermissions(Path path) throws IOException {
-    assertFalse(path.isDirectory());
-    assertTrue(path.isExecutable());
-    assertTrue(path.isReadable());
-    assertFalse(path.isWritable());
-  }
-
-  @Test
-  public void testOutputsAreReadOnlyAndExecutable() throws Exception {
-    final Artifact out = createTreeArtifact("output");
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction action = new TreeArtifactTestAction(out) {
-      @Override
-      public void execute(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-          throws ActionExecutionException {
-        try {
-          writeFile(out.getPath().getChild("one"), "one");
-          writeFile(out.getPath().getChild("two"), "two");
-          writeFile(out.getPath().getChild("three").getChild("four"), "three/four");
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "one");
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "two");
-          registerOutput(actionExecutionContext, "three/four");
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-          throw new RuntimeException(e);
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    registerAction(action);
-
-    buildArtifact(action.getSoleOutput());
-
-    checkDirectoryPermissions(out.getPath());
-    checkFilePermissions(out.getPath().getChild("one"));
-    checkFilePermissions(out.getPath().getChild("two"));
-    checkDirectoryPermissions(out.getPath().getChild("three"));
-    checkFilePermissions(out.getPath().getChild("three").getChild("four"));
-  }
-
-  // This is more a smoke test than anything, because it turns out that:
-  // 1) there is no easy way to turn fast digests on/off for these test cases, and
-  // 2) injectDigest() doesn't really complain if you inject bad digests or digests
-  // for nonexistent files. Instead some weird error shows up down the line.
-  // In fact, there are no tests for injectDigest anywhere in the codebase.
-  // So all we're really testing here is that injectDigest() doesn't throw a weird exception.
-  // TODO(bazel-team): write real tests for injectDigest, here and elsewhere.
-  @Test
-  public void testDigestInjection() throws Exception {
-    TreeArtifactTestAction action = new TreeArtifactTestAction(outOne) {
-      @Override
-      public void execute(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-          throws ActionExecutionException {
-        try {
-          writeFile(outOneFileOne, "one");
-          writeFile(outOneFileTwo, "two");
-
-          MetadataHandler md = actionExecutionContext.getMetadataHandler();
-          FileStatus stat = outOneFileOne.getPath().stat(Symlinks.NOFOLLOW);
-          md.injectDigest(outOneFileOne,
-              new InjectedStat(stat.getLastModifiedTime(), stat.getSize(), stat.getNodeId()),
-              Hashing.md5().hashString("one", Charset.forName("UTF-8")).asBytes());
-
-          stat = outOneFileTwo.getPath().stat(Symlinks.NOFOLLOW);
-          md.injectDigest(outOneFileTwo,
-              new InjectedStat(stat.getLastModifiedTime(), stat.getSize(), stat.getNodeId()),
-              Hashing.md5().hashString("two", Charset.forName("UTF-8")).asBytes());
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-          throw new RuntimeException(e);
-        }
-      }
-    };
-
-    registerAction(action);
-    buildArtifact(action.getSoleOutput());
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * A generic test action that takes at most one input TreeArtifact,
-   * exactly one output TreeArtifact, and some path fragment inputs/outputs.
-   */
-  private abstract static class TreeArtifactTestAction extends TestAction {
-    final Iterable<ArtifactFile> inputFiles;
-    final Iterable<ArtifactFile> outputFiles;
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction(final Artifact output, final String... subOutputs) {
-      this(Runnables.doNothing(),
-          null,
-          ImmutableList.<ArtifactFile>of(),
-          output,
-          Collections2.transform(
-              Arrays.asList(subOutputs),
-              new Function<String, ArtifactFile>() {
-                @Nullable
-                @Override
-                public ArtifactFile apply(String s) {
-                  return ActionInputHelper.artifactFile(output, s);
-                }
-              }));
-    }
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction(Runnable effect, ArtifactFile... outputFiles) {
-      this(effect, Arrays.asList(outputFiles));
-    }
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction(Runnable effect, Collection<ArtifactFile> outputFiles) {
-      this(effect, null, ImmutableList.<ArtifactFile>of(),
-          outputFiles.iterator().next().getParent(), outputFiles);
-    }
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction(Runnable effect, Artifact inputFile,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> outputFiles) {
-      this(effect, inputFile, ImmutableList.<ArtifactFile>of(),
-          outputFiles.iterator().next().getParent(), outputFiles);
-    }
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction(Runnable effect, Collection<ArtifactFile> inputFiles,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> outputFiles) {
-      this(effect, inputFiles.iterator().next().getParent(), inputFiles,
-          outputFiles.iterator().next().getParent(), outputFiles);
-    }
-
-    TreeArtifactTestAction(
-        Runnable effect,
-        @Nullable Artifact input,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> inputFiles,
-        Artifact output,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> outputFiles) {
-      super(effect,
-          input == null ? ImmutableList.<Artifact>of() : ImmutableList.of(input),
-          ImmutableList.of(output));
-      Preconditions.checkArgument(
-          inputFiles.isEmpty() || (input != null && input.isTreeArtifact()));
-      Preconditions.checkArgument(output == null || output.isTreeArtifact());
-      this.inputFiles = ImmutableList.copyOf(inputFiles);
-      this.outputFiles = ImmutableList.copyOf(outputFiles);
-      for (ArtifactFile inputFile : inputFiles) {
-        Preconditions.checkState(inputFile.getParent().equals(input));
-      }
-      for (ArtifactFile outputFile : outputFiles) {
-        Preconditions.checkState(outputFile.getParent().equals(output));
-      }
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void execute(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-        throws ActionExecutionException {
-      if (getInputs().iterator().hasNext()) {
-        // Sanity check--verify all inputs exist.
-        Artifact input = getSoleInput();
-        if (!input.getPath().exists()) {
-          throw new IllegalStateException("action's input Artifact does not exist: "
-              + input.getPath());
-        }
-        for (ArtifactFile inputFile : inputFiles) {
-          if (!inputFile.getPath().exists()) {
-            throw new IllegalStateException("action's input does not exist: " + inputFile);
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      Artifact output = getSoleOutput();
-      assertTrue(output.getPath().exists());
-      try {
-        effect.call();
-        executeTestBehavior(actionExecutionContext);
-        for (ArtifactFile outputFile : outputFiles) {
-          actionExecutionContext.getMetadataHandler().addExpandedTreeOutput(outputFile);
-        }
-      } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-        throw new RuntimeException(e);
-      } catch (Exception e) {
-        throw new ActionExecutionException("TestAction failed due to exception",
-            e, this, false);
-      }
-    }
-
-    void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext c) throws ActionExecutionException {
-      // Default: do nothing
-    }
-
-    /** Checks there's exactly one input, and returns it. */
-    // This prevents us from making testing mistakes, like
-    // assuming there's only one input when this isn't actually true.
-    Artifact getSoleInput() {
-      Iterator<Artifact> it = getInputs().iterator();
-      Artifact r = it.next();
-      Preconditions.checkNotNull(r);
-      Preconditions.checkState(!it.hasNext());
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    /** Checks there's exactly one output, and returns it. */
-    Artifact getSoleOutput() {
-      Iterator<Artifact> it = getOutputs().iterator();
-      Artifact r = it.next();
-      Preconditions.checkNotNull(r);
-      Preconditions.checkState(!it.hasNext());
-      Preconditions.checkState(r.equals(getPrimaryOutput()));
-      return r;
-    }
-
-    void registerOutput(ActionExecutionContext context, String outputName) throws IOException {
-      context.getMetadataHandler().addExpandedTreeOutput(
-          artifactFile(getSoleOutput(), new PathFragment(outputName)));
-    }
-
-    static List<ArtifactFile> asArtifactFiles(final Artifact parent, String... files) {
-      return Lists.transform(
-          Arrays.asList(files),
-          new Function<String, ArtifactFile>() {
-            @Nullable
-            @Override
-            public ArtifactFile apply(String s) {
-              return ActionInputHelper.artifactFile(parent, s);
-            }
-          });
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** An action that touches some output ArtifactFiles. Takes no inputs. */
-  private static class TouchingTestAction extends TreeArtifactTestAction {
-    TouchingTestAction(ArtifactFile... outputPaths) {
-      super(Runnables.doNothing(), outputPaths);
-    }
-
-    TouchingTestAction(Runnable effect, Artifact output, String... outputPaths) {
-      super(effect, asArtifactFiles(output, outputPaths));
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-        throws ActionExecutionException {
-      try {
-        for (ArtifactFile file : outputFiles) {
-          touchFile(file);
-        }
-      } catch (IOException e) {
-        throw new RuntimeException(e);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Takes an input file and populates several copies inside a TreeArtifact. */
-  private static class WriteInputToFilesAction extends TreeArtifactTestAction {
-    WriteInputToFilesAction(Artifact input, ArtifactFile... outputs) {
-      this(Runnables.doNothing(), input, outputs);
-    }
-
-    WriteInputToFilesAction(
-        Runnable effect,
-        Artifact input,
-        ArtifactFile... outputs) {
-      super(effect, input, Arrays.asList(outputs));
-      Preconditions.checkArgument(!input.isTreeArtifact());
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-        throws ActionExecutionException {
-      try {
-        for (ArtifactFile file : outputFiles) {
-          FileSystemUtils.createDirectoryAndParents(file.getPath().getParentDirectory());
-          FileSystemUtils.copyFile(getSoleInput().getPath(), file.getPath());
-        }
-      } catch (IOException e) {
-        throw new RuntimeException(e);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  /** Copies the given ArtifactFile inputs to the given outputs, in respective order. */
-  private static class CopyTreeAction extends TreeArtifactTestAction {
-
-    CopyTreeAction(Runnable effect, Artifact input, Artifact output, String... sourcesAndDests) {
-      super(effect, input, asArtifactFiles(input, sourcesAndDests), output,
-          asArtifactFiles(output, sourcesAndDests));
-    }
-
-    CopyTreeAction(
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> inputPaths,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> outputPaths) {
-      super(Runnables.doNothing(), inputPaths, outputPaths);
-    }
-
-    CopyTreeAction(
-        Runnable effect,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> inputPaths,
-        Collection<ArtifactFile> outputPaths) {
-      super(effect, inputPaths, outputPaths);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void executeTestBehavior(ActionExecutionContext actionExecutionContext)
-        throws ActionExecutionException {
-      Iterator<ArtifactFile> inputIterator = inputFiles.iterator();
-      Iterator<ArtifactFile> outputIterator = outputFiles.iterator();
-
-      try {
-        while (inputIterator.hasNext() || outputIterator.hasNext()) {
-          ArtifactFile input = inputIterator.next();
-          ArtifactFile output = outputIterator.next();
-          FileSystemUtils.createDirectoryAndParents(output.getPath().getParentDirectory());
-          FileSystemUtils.copyFile(input.getPath(), output.getPath());
-        }
-      } catch (IOException e) {
-        throw new RuntimeException(e);
-      }
-
-      // both iterators must be of the same size
-      assertFalse(inputIterator.hasNext());
-      assertFalse(inputIterator.hasNext());
-    }
-  }
-
-  private Artifact createTreeArtifact(String name) {
-    FileSystem fs = scratch.getFileSystem();
-    Path execRoot = fs.getPath(TestUtils.tmpDir());
-    PathFragment execPath = new PathFragment("out").getRelative(name);
-    Path path = execRoot.getRelative(execPath);
-    return new SpecialArtifact(
-        path, Root.asDerivedRoot(execRoot, execRoot.getRelative("out")), execPath, ALL_OWNER,
-        SpecialArtifactType.TREE);
-  }
-
-  private void buildArtifact(Artifact artifact)
-      throws InterruptedException, BuildFailedException, TestExecException, AbruptExitException {
-    buildArtifacts(cachingBuilder(), artifact);
-  }
-
-  private static void writeFile(Path path, String contents) throws IOException {
-    FileSystemUtils.createDirectoryAndParents(path.getParentDirectory());
-    // sometimes we write read-only files
-    if (path.exists()) {
-      path.setWritable(true);
-    }
-    FileSystemUtils.writeContentAsLatin1(path, contents);
-  }
-
-  private static void writeFile(ArtifactFile file, String contents) throws IOException {
-    writeFile(file.getPath(), contents);
-  }
-
-  private static void touchFile(Path path) throws IOException {
-    FileSystemUtils.createDirectoryAndParents(path.getParentDirectory());
-    path.getParentDirectory().setWritable(true);
-    FileSystemUtils.touchFile(path);
-  }
-
-  private static void touchFile(ArtifactFile file) throws IOException {
-    touchFile(file.getPath());
-  }
-
-  private static void deleteFile(ArtifactFile file) throws IOException {
-    Path path = file.getPath();
-    // sometimes we write read-only files
-    if (path.exists()) {
-      path.setWritable(true);
-      // work around the sticky bit (this might depend on the behavior of the OS?)
-      path.getParentDirectory().setWritable(true);
-      path.delete();
-    }
-  }
-}