Replace path implementation.

Path and PathFragment have been replaced with String-based implementations. They are pretty similar, but each method is dissimilar enough that I did not feel sharing code was appropriate.

A summary of changes:

PATH
====

* Subsumes LocalPath (deleted, its tests repurposed)
* Use a simple string to back Path
* Path instances are no longer interned; Reference equality will no longer work
* Always normalized (same as before)
* Some operations will now be slower, like instance compares (which were previously just a reference check)
* Multiple identical paths will now consume more memory since they are not interned

PATH FRAGMENT
=============

* Use a simple string to back PathFragment
* No more segment arrays with interned strings
* Always normalized
* Remove isNormalized
* Replace some isNormalizied uses with containsUpLevelReferences() to check if path fragments try to escape their scope
* To check if user input is normalized, supply static methods on PathFragment to validate the string before constructing a PathFragment
* Because PathFragments are always normalized, we have to replace checks for literal "." from PathFragment#getPathString to PathFragment#getSafePathString. The latter returns "." for the empty string.
* The previous implementation supported efficient segment semantics (segment count, iterating over segments). This is now expensive since we do longer have a segment array.

ARTIFACT
========

* Remove Path instance. It is instead dynamically constructed on request. This is necessary to avoid this CL becoming a memory regression.

RELNOTES: None
PiperOrigin-RevId: 185062932
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/vfs/UnixOsPathPolicy.java b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/vfs/UnixOsPathPolicy.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8576643
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/vfs/UnixOsPathPolicy.java
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+package com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs;
+
+import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
+import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
+
+@VisibleForTesting
+class UnixOsPathPolicy implements OsPathPolicy {
+
+  static final UnixOsPathPolicy INSTANCE = new UnixOsPathPolicy();
+  private static final Splitter PATH_SPLITTER = Splitter.onPattern("/+").omitEmptyStrings();
+
+  @Override
+  public int needsToNormalize(String path) {
+    int n = path.length();
+    int dotCount = 0;
+    char prevChar = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      char c = path.charAt(i);
+      if (c == '\\') {
+        return NEEDS_NORMALIZE;
+      }
+      if (c == '/') {
+        if (prevChar == '/') {
+          return NEEDS_NORMALIZE;
+        }
+        if (dotCount == 1 || dotCount == 2) {
+          return NEEDS_NORMALIZE;
+        }
+      }
+      dotCount = c == '.' ? dotCount + 1 : 0;
+      prevChar = c;
+    }
+    if (prevChar == '/' || dotCount == 1 || dotCount == 2) {
+      return NEEDS_NORMALIZE;
+    }
+    return NORMALIZED;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int needsToNormalizeSuffix(String normalizedSuffix) {
+    // We know that the string is normalized
+    // In this case only suffixes starting with ".." may cause
+    // normalization once concatenated with other strings
+    return normalizedSuffix.startsWith("..") ? NEEDS_NORMALIZE : NORMALIZED;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String normalize(String path, int normalizationLevel) {
+    if (normalizationLevel == NORMALIZED) {
+      return path;
+    }
+    if (path.isEmpty()) {
+      return path;
+    }
+    boolean isAbsolute = path.charAt(0) == '/';
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(path.length());
+    if (isAbsolute) {
+      sb.append('/');
+    }
+    String[] segments = Iterables.toArray(PATH_SPLITTER.splitToList(path), String.class);
+    int segmentCount = Utils.removeRelativePaths(segments, 0, isAbsolute);
+    for (int i = 0; i < segmentCount; ++i) {
+      sb.append(segments[i]);
+      sb.append('/');
+    }
+    if (segmentCount > 0) {
+      sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
+    }
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int getDriveStrLength(String path) {
+    if (path.length() == 0) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+    return (path.charAt(0) == '/') ? 1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compare(String s1, String s2) {
+    return s1.compareTo(s2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int compare(char c1, char c2) {
+    return Character.compare(c1, c2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean equals(String s1, String s2) {
+    return s1.equals(s2);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public int hash(String s) {
+    return s.hashCode();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean startsWith(String path, String prefix) {
+    return path.startsWith(prefix);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean endsWith(String path, String suffix) {
+    return path.endsWith(suffix);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public char getSeparator() {
+    return '/';
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isSeparator(char c) {
+    return c == '/';
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public boolean isCaseSensitive() {
+    return true;
+  }
+}