Add support for clang's libc++ to Unix toolchain

Due to two separate issues, it is currently not possible to compile and link against clang's libc++ with Bazel's auto-configured Unix toolchain, e.g. via adding `-stdlib=libc++` as a `cxxopt` and `linkopt` on a `cc_binary`:

1. Since Bazel uses `-no-canonical-prefixes`, clang is not able to find the libc++ headers if it is invoked through a symlink in a different directory. This is fixed by fully resolving the path to the clang binary in the toolchain.

2. The list of built-in include paths does not contain the base directory of the libc++ headers, which makes Bazel's implicit dependency checker fail on targets with the `cxxopt` `-stdlib=lib++`. This is fixed by adding the search paths obtained from `clang -v` with that option to the list of built-in include paths in the toolchain.

Both 1. and 2. can be partially worked around by passing in `-stdlib=libc++` and a fully resolved `CC` via `--repo_env`. However, the former means that the choice of standard library has to be fixed for the entire workspace and the latter cannot be accomplished with a system-independent entry in `.bazelrc`. Proper fixes in Bazel thus seem vastly superior.

Fixes #13071

Closes #13666.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 389877696
1 file changed
tree: c424cadf8d349ebf3e2d250720041b1d2b5ad1a7
  1. .bazelci/
  2. examples/
  3. scripts/
  4. site/
  5. src/
  6. third_party/
  7. tools/
  8. .bazelrc
  9. .gitattributes
  10. .gitignore
  11. AUTHORS
  12. BUILD
  13. CHANGELOG.md
  14. CODEBASE.md
  15. CODEOWNERS
  16. combine_distfiles.py
  17. combine_distfiles_to_tar.sh
  18. compile.sh
  19. CONTRIBUTING.md
  20. CONTRIBUTORS
  21. distdir.bzl
  22. distdir_deps.bzl
  23. ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md
  24. LICENSE
  25. README.md
  26. WORKSPACE
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