src/main/native/windows/process.cc - bazel - Git at Google

 // Copyright 2019 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
 //
 // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 // You may obtain a copy of the License at
 //
 //    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 //
 // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.

 #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #endif

 #include "src/main/native/windows/process.h"

 #include <windows.h>
 #include <VersionHelpers.h>

 #include <memory>
 #include <sstream>

 namespace bazel {
 namespace windows {

 template <typename T>
 static std::wstring ToString(const T& e) {
   std::wstringstream s;
   s << e;
   return s.str();
 }

 static bool DupeHandle(HANDLE h, AutoHandle* out, std::wstring* error) {
   HANDLE dup;
   if (!DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), h, GetCurrentProcess(), &dup, 0,
                        TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
     DWORD err = GetLastError();
     *error =
         MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__, L"DupeHandle", L"", err);
     return false;
   }
   *out = dup;
   return true;
 }

 bool WaitableProcess::Create(const std::wstring& argv0,
                              const std::wstring& argv_rest, void* env,
                              const std::wstring& wcwd, std::wstring* error) {
   // On Windows 7, the subprocess cannot inherit console handles via the
   // attribute list (CreateProcessW fails with ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES).
   // If we pass only invalid handles here, the Create method creates an
   // AutoAttributeList with 0 handles and initializes the STARTUPINFOEXW as
   // empty and disallowing handle inheritance. At the same time, CreateProcessW
   // specifies neither CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE nor DETACHED_PROCESS, so the
   // subprocess *does* inherit the console, which is exactly what we want, and
   // it works on all supported Windows versions.
   // Fixes https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/8676
   return Create(argv0, argv_rest, env, wcwd, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
                 INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, nullptr, true, true,
                 error);
 }

 bool WaitableProcess::Create(const std::wstring& argv0,
                              const std::wstring& argv_rest, void* env,
                              const std::wstring& wcwd, HANDLE stdin_process,
                              HANDLE stdout_process, HANDLE stderr_process,
                              LARGE_INTEGER* opt_out_start_time,
                              std::wstring* error) {
   return Create(argv0, argv_rest, env, wcwd, stdin_process, stdout_process,
                 stderr_process, opt_out_start_time, false, false, error);
 }

 bool WaitableProcess::Create(const std::wstring& argv0,
                              const std::wstring& argv_rest, void* env,
                              const std::wstring& wcwd, HANDLE stdin_process,
                              HANDLE stdout_process, HANDLE stderr_process,
                              LARGE_INTEGER* opt_out_start_time,
                              bool create_window, bool handle_signals,
                              std::wstring* error) {
   std::wstring cwd;
   std::wstring error_msg(AsShortPath(wcwd, &cwd));
   if (!error_msg.empty()) {
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, error_msg);
     return false;
   }

   std::wstring argv0short;
   error_msg = AsExecutablePathForCreateProcess(argv0, &argv0short);
   if (!error_msg.empty()) {
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, error_msg);
     return false;
   }

   std::wstring commandline =
       argv_rest.empty() ? argv0short : (argv0short + L" " + argv_rest);
   std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> mutable_commandline(
       new WCHAR[commandline.size() + 1]);
   wcsncpy(mutable_commandline.get(), commandline.c_str(),
           commandline.size() + 1);
   // MDSN says that the default for job objects is that breakaway is not
   // allowed. Thus, we don't need to do any more setup here.
   job_ = CreateJobObject(nullptr, nullptr);
   if (!job_.IsValid()) {
     DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
     return false;
   }

   JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION job_info = {0};
   job_info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags =
       JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE;
   if (!SetInformationJobObject(job_, JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
                                &job_info, sizeof(job_info))) {
     DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
     return false;
   }

   ioport_ = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, nullptr, 0, 1);
   if (!ioport_.IsValid()) {
     DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
     return false;
   }
   JOBOBJECT_ASSOCIATE_COMPLETION_PORT port;
   port.CompletionKey = job_;
   port.CompletionPort = ioport_;
   if (!SetInformationJobObject(job_,
                                JobObjectAssociateCompletionPortInformation,
                                &port, sizeof(port))) {
     DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
     return false;
   }

   std::unique_ptr<AutoAttributeList> attr_list;
   if (!AutoAttributeList::Create(stdin_process, stdout_process, stderr_process,
                                  &attr_list, &error_msg)) {
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", L"", error_msg);
     return false;
   }

   // kMaxCmdline value: see lpCommandLine parameter of CreateProcessW.
   static constexpr size_t kMaxCmdline = 32767;

   std::wstring cmd_sample = mutable_commandline.get();
   if (cmd_sample.size() > 500) {
     cmd_sample = cmd_sample.substr(0, 495) + L"(...)";
   }
   if (wcsnlen_s(mutable_commandline.get(), kMaxCmdline) == kMaxCmdline) {
     std::wstringstream error_msg;
     error_msg << L"command is longer than CreateProcessW's limit ("
               << kMaxCmdline << L" characters)";
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"CreateProcessWithExplicitHandles", cmd_sample,
                               error_msg.str().c_str());
     return false;
   }

   PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info = {0};
   STARTUPINFOEXW info;
   attr_list->InitStartupInfoExW(&info);
   if (!CreateProcessW(
           /* lpApplicationName */ nullptr,
           /* lpCommandLine */ mutable_commandline.get(),
           /* lpProcessAttributes */ nullptr,
           /* lpThreadAttributes */ nullptr,
           /* bInheritHandles */ attr_list->InheritAnyHandles() ? TRUE : FALSE,
           /* dwCreationFlags */ (create_window ? 0 : CREATE_NO_WINDOW) |
               (handle_signals ? 0
                               : CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP)  // So that Ctrl-Break
                                                            // isn't propagated
               | CREATE_SUSPENDED  // So that it doesn't start a new job itself
               | EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT | CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT,
           /* lpEnvironment */ env,
           /* lpCurrentDirectory */ cwd.empty() ? nullptr : cwd.c_str(),
           /* lpStartupInfo */ &info.StartupInfo,
           /* lpProcessInformation */ &process_info)) {
     DWORD err = GetLastError();

     std::wstring errmsg;
     if (err == ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES && !IsWindows8OrGreater() &&
         attr_list->HasConsoleHandle()) {
       errmsg =
           L"Unrecoverable error: host OS is Windows 7 and subprocess"
           " got an inheritable console handle";
     } else {
       errmsg = GetLastErrorString(err) + L" (error: " + ToString(err) + L")";
     }

     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__, L"CreateProcessW",
                               cmd_sample, errmsg);
     return false;
   }

   pid_ = process_info.dwProcessId;
   process_ = process_info.hProcess;
   AutoHandle thread(process_info.hThread);

   if (!AssignProcessToJobObject(job_, process_)) {
     BOOL is_in_job = false;
     if (IsProcessInJob(process_, nullptr, &is_in_job) && is_in_job &&
         !IsWindows8OrGreater()) {
       // Pre-Windows 8 systems don't support nested jobs, and Bazel is already
       // in a job.  We can't create nested jobs, so just revert to
       // TerminateProcess() and hope for the best. In batch mode, the launcher
       // puts Bazel in a job so that will take care of cleanup once the
       // command finishes.
       job_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
       ioport_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
     } else {
       DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
       *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                                 L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
       return false;
     }
   }

   // Now that we put the process in a new job object, we can start executing
   // it
   if (ResumeThread(thread) == -1) {
     DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
     *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                               L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
     return false;
   }

   if (opt_out_start_time) {
     QueryPerformanceCounter(opt_out_start_time);
   }
   *error = L"";
   return true;
 }

 int WaitableProcess::WaitFor(int64_t timeout_msec,
                              LARGE_INTEGER* opt_out_end_time,
                              std::wstring* error) {
   struct Defer {
     LARGE_INTEGER* t;
     Defer(LARGE_INTEGER* cnt) : t(cnt) {}
     ~Defer() {
       if (t) {
         QueryPerformanceCounter(t);
       }
     }
   } defer_query_end_time(opt_out_end_time);

   DWORD win32_timeout = timeout_msec < 0 ? INFINITE : timeout_msec;
   int result;
   switch (WaitForSingleObject(process_, win32_timeout)) {
     case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
       result = kWaitSuccess;
       break;

     case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
       result = kWaitTimeout;
       break;

     // Any other case is an error and should be reported back to Bazel.
     default:
       DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
       *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                                 L"WaitableProcess::WaitFor", ToString(pid_),
                                 err_code);
       return kWaitError;
   }

   // Ensure that the process is really terminated (if WaitForSingleObject
   // above timed out, we have to explicitly kill it) and that it doesn't
   // leave behind any subprocesses.
   if (!Terminate(error)) {
     return kWaitError;
   }

   if (job_.IsValid()) {
     // Wait for the job object to complete, signalling that all subprocesses
     // have exited.
     DWORD CompletionCode;
     ULONG_PTR CompletionKey;
     LPOVERLAPPED Overlapped;
     while (GetQueuedCompletionStatus(ioport_, &CompletionCode,
                                      &CompletionKey, &Overlapped, INFINITE) &&
            !((HANDLE)CompletionKey == (HANDLE)job_ &&
              CompletionCode == JOB_OBJECT_MSG_ACTIVE_PROCESS_ZERO)) {
       // Still waiting...
     }

     job_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
     ioport_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   }

   // Fetch and store the exit code in case Bazel asks us for it later,
   // because we cannot do this anymore after we closed the handle.
   GetExitCode(error);

   if (process_.IsValid()) {
     process_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
   }

   return result;
 }

 int WaitableProcess::GetExitCode(std::wstring* error) {
   if (exit_code_ == STILL_ACTIVE) {
     if (!GetExitCodeProcess(process_, &exit_code_)) {
       DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
       *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                                 L"WaitableProcess::GetExitCode", ToString(pid_),
                                 err_code);
       return -1;
     }
   }

   return exit_code_;
 }

 bool WaitableProcess::Terminate(std::wstring* error) {
   static constexpr UINT exit_code = 130;  // 128 + SIGINT, like on Linux

   if (job_.IsValid()) {
     if (!TerminateJobObject(job_, exit_code)) {
       DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
       *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                                 L"WaitableProcess::Terminate", ToString(pid_),
                                 err_code);
       return false;
     }
   } else if (process_.IsValid()) {
     if (!TerminateProcess(process_, exit_code)) {
       DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
       std::wstring our_error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                                                 L"WaitableProcess::Terminate",
                                                 ToString(pid_), err_code);

       // If the process exited, despite TerminateProcess having failed, we're
       // still happy and just ignore the error. It might have been a race
       // where the process exited by itself just before we tried to kill it.
       // However, if the process is *still* running at this point (evidenced
       // by its exit code still being STILL_ACTIVE) then something went
       // really unexpectedly wrong and we should report that error.
       if (GetExitCode(error) == STILL_ACTIVE) {
         // Restore the error message from TerminateProcess - it will be much
         // more helpful for debugging in case something goes wrong here.
         *error = our_error;
         return false;
       }
     }

     if (WaitForSingleObject(process_, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
       DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
       *error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
                                 L"WaitableProcess::Terminate", ToString(pid_),
                                 err_code);
       return false;
     }
   }

   *error = L"";
   return true;
 }

 // Escape arguments for CreateProcessW.
 //
 // This algorithm is based on information found in
 // http://daviddeley.com/autohotkey/parameters/parameters.htm
 //
 // The following source specifies a similar algorithm:
 // https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/twistylittlepassagesallalike/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way/
 // unfortunately I found this algorithm only after creating the one below, but
 // fortunately they seem to do the same.
 std::wstring WindowsEscapeArg(const std::wstring& s) {
   if (s.empty()) {
     return L"\"\"";
   } else {
     bool needs_escaping = false;
     for (const auto& c : s) {
       if (c == ' ' || c == '"') {
         needs_escaping = true;
         break;
       }
     }
     if (!needs_escaping) {
       return s;
     }
   }

   std::wostringstream result;
   result << L'"';
   int start = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
     char c = s[i];
     if (c == '"' || c == '\\') {
       // Copy the segment since the last special character.
       if (start >= 0) {
         result << s.substr(start, i - start);
         start = -1;
       }

       // Handle the current special character.
       if (c == '"') {
         // This is a quote character. Escape it with a single backslash.
         result << L"\\\"";
       } else {
         // This is a backslash (or the first one in a run of backslashes).
         // Whether we escape it depends on whether the run ends with a quote.
         int run_len = 1;
         int j = i + 1;
         while (j < s.size() && s[j] == '\\') {
           run_len++;
           j++;
         }
         if (j == s.size()) {
           // The run of backslashes goes to the end.
           // We have to escape every backslash with another backslash.
           for (int k = 0; k < run_len * 2; ++k) {
             result << L'\\';
           }
           break;
         } else if (j < s.size() && s[j] == '"') {
           // The run of backslashes is terminated by a quote.
           // We have to escape every backslash with another backslash, and
           // escape the quote with one backslash.
           for (int k = 0; k < run_len * 2; ++k) {
             result << L'\\';
           }
           result << L"\\\"";
           i += run_len;  // 'i' is also increased in the loop iteration step
         } else {
           // No quote found. Each backslash counts for itself, they must not be
           // escaped.
           for (int k = 0; k < run_len; ++k) {
             result << L'\\';
           }
           i += run_len - 1;  // 'i' is also increased in the loop iteration step
         }
       }
     } else {
       // This is not a special character. Start the segment if necessary.
       if (start < 0) {
         start = i;
       }
     }
   }
   // Save final segment after the last special character.
   if (start != -1) {
     result << s.substr(start);
   }
   result << L'"';
   return result.str();
 }

 }  // namespace windows
 }  // namespace bazel
	// Copyright 2019 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
	//
	// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	// You may obtain a copy of the License at
	//
	// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	//
	// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	// limitations under the License.

	#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
	#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
	#endif

	#include "src/main/native/windows/process.h"

	#include <windows.h>
	#include <VersionHelpers.h>

	#include <memory>
	#include <sstream>

	namespace bazel {
	namespace windows {

	template <typename T>
	static std::wstring ToString(const T& e) {
	std::wstringstream s;
	s << e;
	return s.str();
	}

	static bool DupeHandle(HANDLE h, AutoHandle* out, std::wstring* error) {
	HANDLE dup;
	if (!DuplicateHandle(GetCurrentProcess(), h, GetCurrentProcess(), &dup, 0,
	TRUE, DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
	DWORD err = GetLastError();
	*error =
	MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__, L"DupeHandle", L"", err);
	return false;
	}
	*out = dup;
	return true;
	}

	bool WaitableProcess::Create(const std::wstring& argv0,
	const std::wstring& argv_rest, void* env,
	const std::wstring& wcwd, std::wstring* error) {
	// On Windows 7, the subprocess cannot inherit console handles via the
	// attribute list (CreateProcessW fails with ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES).
	// If we pass only invalid handles here, the Create method creates an
	// AutoAttributeList with 0 handles and initializes the STARTUPINFOEXW as
	// empty and disallowing handle inheritance. At the same time, CreateProcessW
	// specifies neither CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE nor DETACHED_PROCESS, so the
	// subprocess does inherit the console, which is exactly what we want, and
	// it works on all supported Windows versions.
	// Fixes https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/8676
	return Create(argv0, argv_rest, env, wcwd, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,
	INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, nullptr, true, true,
	error);
	}

	bool WaitableProcess::Create(const std::wstring& argv0,
	const std::wstring& argv_rest, void* env,
	const std::wstring& wcwd, HANDLE stdin_process,
	HANDLE stdout_process, HANDLE stderr_process,
	LARGE_INTEGER* opt_out_start_time,
	std::wstring* error) {
	return Create(argv0, argv_rest, env, wcwd, stdin_process, stdout_process,
	stderr_process, opt_out_start_time, false, false, error);
	}

	bool WaitableProcess::Create(const std::wstring& argv0,
	const std::wstring& argv_rest, void* env,
	const std::wstring& wcwd, HANDLE stdin_process,
	HANDLE stdout_process, HANDLE stderr_process,
	LARGE_INTEGER* opt_out_start_time,
	bool create_window, bool handle_signals,
	std::wstring* error) {
	std::wstring cwd;
	std::wstring error_msg(AsShortPath(wcwd, &cwd));
	if (!error_msg.empty()) {
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, error_msg);
	return false;
	}

	std::wstring argv0short;
	error_msg = AsExecutablePathForCreateProcess(argv0, &argv0short);
	if (!error_msg.empty()) {
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, error_msg);
	return false;
	}

	std::wstring commandline =
	argv_rest.empty() ? argv0short : (argv0short + L" " + argv_rest);
	std::unique_ptr<WCHAR[]> mutable_commandline(
	new WCHAR[commandline.size() + 1]);
	wcsncpy(mutable_commandline.get(), commandline.c_str(),
	commandline.size() + 1);
	// MDSN says that the default for job objects is that breakaway is not
	// allowed. Thus, we don't need to do any more setup here.
	job_ = CreateJobObject(nullptr, nullptr);
	if (!job_.IsValid()) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
	return false;
	}

	JOBOBJECT_EXTENDED_LIMIT_INFORMATION job_info = {0};
	job_info.BasicLimitInformation.LimitFlags =
	JOB_OBJECT_LIMIT_KILL_ON_JOB_CLOSE;
	if (!SetInformationJobObject(job_, JobObjectExtendedLimitInformation,
	&job_info, sizeof(job_info))) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
	return false;
	}

	ioport_ = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, nullptr, 0, 1);
	if (!ioport_.IsValid()) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
	return false;
	}
	JOBOBJECT_ASSOCIATE_COMPLETION_PORT port;
	port.CompletionKey = job_;
	port.CompletionPort = ioport_;
	if (!SetInformationJobObject(job_,
	JobObjectAssociateCompletionPortInformation,
	&port, sizeof(port))) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
	return false;
	}

	std::unique_ptr<AutoAttributeList> attr_list;
	if (!AutoAttributeList::Create(stdin_process, stdout_process, stderr_process,
	&attr_list, &error_msg)) {
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", L"", error_msg);
	return false;
	}

	// kMaxCmdline value: see lpCommandLine parameter of CreateProcessW.
	static constexpr size_t kMaxCmdline = 32767;

	std::wstring cmd_sample = mutable_commandline.get();
	if (cmd_sample.size() > 500) {
	cmd_sample = cmd_sample.substr(0, 495) + L"(...)";
	}
	if (wcsnlen_s(mutable_commandline.get(), kMaxCmdline) == kMaxCmdline) {
	std::wstringstream error_msg;
	error_msg << L"command is longer than CreateProcessW's limit ("
	<< kMaxCmdline << L" characters)";
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"CreateProcessWithExplicitHandles", cmd_sample,
	error_msg.str().c_str());
	return false;
	}

	PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info = {0};
	STARTUPINFOEXW info;
	attr_list->InitStartupInfoExW(&info);
	if (!CreateProcessW(
	/* lpApplicationName */ nullptr,
	/* lpCommandLine */ mutable_commandline.get(),
	/* lpProcessAttributes */ nullptr,
	/* lpThreadAttributes */ nullptr,
	/* bInheritHandles */ attr_list->InheritAnyHandles() ? TRUE : FALSE,
	/* dwCreationFlags */ (create_window ? 0 : CREATE_NO_WINDOW) \|
	(handle_signals ? 0
	: CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP) // So that Ctrl-Break
	// isn't propagated
	\| CREATE_SUSPENDED // So that it doesn't start a new job itself
	\| EXTENDED_STARTUPINFO_PRESENT \| CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT,
	/* lpEnvironment */ env,
	/* lpCurrentDirectory */ cwd.empty() ? nullptr : cwd.c_str(),
	/* lpStartupInfo */ &info.StartupInfo,
	/* lpProcessInformation */ &process_info)) {
	DWORD err = GetLastError();

	std::wstring errmsg;
	if (err == ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES && !IsWindows8OrGreater() &&
	attr_list->HasConsoleHandle()) {
	errmsg =
	L"Unrecoverable error: host OS is Windows 7 and subprocess"
	" got an inheritable console handle";
	} else {
	errmsg = GetLastErrorString(err) + L" (error: " + ToString(err) + L")";
	}

	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__, L"CreateProcessW",
	cmd_sample, errmsg);
	return false;
	}

	pid_ = process_info.dwProcessId;
	process_ = process_info.hProcess;
	AutoHandle thread(process_info.hThread);

	if (!AssignProcessToJobObject(job_, process_)) {
	BOOL is_in_job = false;
	if (IsProcessInJob(process_, nullptr, &is_in_job) && is_in_job &&
	!IsWindows8OrGreater()) {
	// Pre-Windows 8 systems don't support nested jobs, and Bazel is already
	// in a job. We can't create nested jobs, so just revert to
	// TerminateProcess() and hope for the best. In batch mode, the launcher
	// puts Bazel in a job so that will take care of cleanup once the
	// command finishes.
	job_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	ioport_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	} else {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
	return false;
	}
	}

	// Now that we put the process in a new job object, we can start executing
	// it
	if (ResumeThread(thread) == -1) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Create", argv0, err_code);
	return false;
	}

	if (opt_out_start_time) {
	QueryPerformanceCounter(opt_out_start_time);
	}
	*error = L"";
	return true;
	}

	int WaitableProcess::WaitFor(int64_t timeout_msec,
	LARGE_INTEGER* opt_out_end_time,
	std::wstring* error) {
	struct Defer {
	LARGE_INTEGER* t;
	Defer(LARGE_INTEGER* cnt) : t(cnt) {}
	~Defer() {
	if (t) {
	QueryPerformanceCounter(t);
	}
	}
	} defer_query_end_time(opt_out_end_time);

	DWORD win32_timeout = timeout_msec < 0 ? INFINITE : timeout_msec;
	int result;
	switch (WaitForSingleObject(process_, win32_timeout)) {
	case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
	result = kWaitSuccess;
	break;

	case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
	result = kWaitTimeout;
	break;

	// Any other case is an error and should be reported back to Bazel.
	default:
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::WaitFor", ToString(pid_),
	err_code);
	return kWaitError;
	}

	// Ensure that the process is really terminated (if WaitForSingleObject
	// above timed out, we have to explicitly kill it) and that it doesn't
	// leave behind any subprocesses.
	if (!Terminate(error)) {
	return kWaitError;
	}

	if (job_.IsValid()) {
	// Wait for the job object to complete, signalling that all subprocesses
	// have exited.
	DWORD CompletionCode;
	ULONG_PTR CompletionKey;
	LPOVERLAPPED Overlapped;
	while (GetQueuedCompletionStatus(ioport_, &CompletionCode,
	&CompletionKey, &Overlapped, INFINITE) &&
	!((HANDLE)CompletionKey == (HANDLE)job_ &&
	CompletionCode == JOB_OBJECT_MSG_ACTIVE_PROCESS_ZERO)) {
	// Still waiting...
	}

	job_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	ioport_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	}

	// Fetch and store the exit code in case Bazel asks us for it later,
	// because we cannot do this anymore after we closed the handle.
	GetExitCode(error);

	if (process_.IsValid()) {
	process_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
	}

	return result;
	}

	int WaitableProcess::GetExitCode(std::wstring* error) {
	if (exit_code_ == STILL_ACTIVE) {
	if (!GetExitCodeProcess(process_, &exit_code_)) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::GetExitCode", ToString(pid_),
	err_code);
	return -1;
	}
	}

	return exit_code_;
	}

	bool WaitableProcess::Terminate(std::wstring* error) {
	static constexpr UINT exit_code = 130; // 128 + SIGINT, like on Linux

	if (job_.IsValid()) {
	if (!TerminateJobObject(job_, exit_code)) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Terminate", ToString(pid_),
	err_code);
	return false;
	}
	} else if (process_.IsValid()) {
	if (!TerminateProcess(process_, exit_code)) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	std::wstring our_error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Terminate",
	ToString(pid_), err_code);

	// If the process exited, despite TerminateProcess having failed, we're
	// still happy and just ignore the error. It might have been a race
	// where the process exited by itself just before we tried to kill it.
	// However, if the process is still running at this point (evidenced
	// by its exit code still being STILL_ACTIVE) then something went
	// really unexpectedly wrong and we should report that error.
	if (GetExitCode(error) == STILL_ACTIVE) {
	// Restore the error message from TerminateProcess - it will be much
	// more helpful for debugging in case something goes wrong here.
	*error = our_error;
	return false;
	}
	}

	if (WaitForSingleObject(process_, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
	DWORD err_code = GetLastError();
	*error = MakeErrorMessage(WSTR(__FILE__), __LINE__,
	L"WaitableProcess::Terminate", ToString(pid_),
	err_code);
	return false;
	}
	}

	*error = L"";
	return true;
	}

	// Escape arguments for CreateProcessW.
	//
	// This algorithm is based on information found in
	// http://daviddeley.com/autohotkey/parameters/parameters.htm
	//
	// The following source specifies a similar algorithm:
	// https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/twistylittlepassagesallalike/2011/04/23/everyone-quotes-command-line-arguments-the-wrong-way/
	// unfortunately I found this algorithm only after creating the one below, but
	// fortunately they seem to do the same.
	std::wstring WindowsEscapeArg(const std::wstring& s) {
	if (s.empty()) {
	return L"\"\"";
	} else {
	bool needs_escaping = false;
	for (const auto& c : s) {
	if (c == ' ' \|\| c == '"') {
	needs_escaping = true;
	break;
	}
	}
	if (!needs_escaping) {
	return s;
	}
	}

	std::wostringstream result;
	result << L'"';
	int start = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
	char c = s[i];
	if (c == '"' \|\| c == '\\') {
	// Copy the segment since the last special character.
	if (start >= 0) {
	result << s.substr(start, i - start);
	start = -1;
	}

	// Handle the current special character.
	if (c == '"') {
	// This is a quote character. Escape it with a single backslash.
	result << L"\\\"";
	} else {
	// This is a backslash (or the first one in a run of backslashes).
	// Whether we escape it depends on whether the run ends with a quote.
	int run_len = 1;
	int j = i + 1;
	while (j < s.size() && s[j] == '\\') {
	run_len++;
	j++;
	}
	if (j == s.size()) {
	// The run of backslashes goes to the end.
	// We have to escape every backslash with another backslash.
	for (int k = 0; k < run_len * 2; ++k) {
	result << L'\\';
	}
	break;
	} else if (j < s.size() && s[j] == '"') {
	// The run of backslashes is terminated by a quote.
	// We have to escape every backslash with another backslash, and
	// escape the quote with one backslash.
	for (int k = 0; k < run_len * 2; ++k) {
	result << L'\\';
	}
	result << L"\\\"";
	i += run_len; // 'i' is also increased in the loop iteration step
	} else {
	// No quote found. Each backslash counts for itself, they must not be
	// escaped.
	for (int k = 0; k < run_len; ++k) {
	result << L'\\';
	}
	i += run_len - 1; // 'i' is also increased in the loop iteration step
	}
	}
	} else {
	// This is not a special character. Start the segment if necessary.
	if (start < 0) {
	start = i;
	}
	}
	}
	// Save final segment after the last special character.
	if (start != -1) {
	result << s.substr(start);
	}
	result << L'"';
	return result.str();
	}

	} // namespace windows
	} // namespace bazel