src/test/java/com/google/devtools/build/lib/analysis/util/BuildViewTestCase.java

// Copyright 2015 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.util;

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.util.ActionsTestUtil.getFirstArtifactEndingWith;

import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
import com.google.common.base.Splitter;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.eventbus.EventBus;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Action;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionGraph;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ActionInput;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Artifact;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ArtifactOwner;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.MapBasedActionGraph;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.MiddlemanFactory;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.MutableActionGraph;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ResourceManager;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.ResourceSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.Root;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.actions.util.ActionsTestUtil;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.AnalysisEnvironment;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.AnalysisUtils;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.BlazeDirectories;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.BuildView;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.BuildView.AnalysisResult;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.CachingAnalysisEnvironment;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredAspectFactory;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredAttributeMapper;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredRuleClassProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredTarget;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ExtraActionArtifactsProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.FileConfiguredTarget;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.FileProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.FilesToRunProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.LabelAndConfiguration;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.OutputGroupProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.PseudoAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.RuleConfiguredTarget;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.RuleContext;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.Runfiles;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.RunfilesProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.RunfilesSupport;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.SourceManifestAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.SymlinkTreeAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.TransitiveInfoCollection;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.TransitiveInfoProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.WorkspaceStatusAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.actions.SpawnAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.buildinfo.BuildInfoFactory.BuildInfoKey;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.BinTools;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.BuildConfiguration;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.BuildConfigurationCollection;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.BuildOptions;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.ConfigurationFactory;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.config.InvalidConfigurationException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.buildtool.BuildRequest;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.Label;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.LabelSyntaxException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.cmdline.PackageIdentifier;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.nestedset.NestedSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.nestedset.NestedSetBuilder;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.collect.nestedset.Order;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.Event;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.EventHandler;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.events.StoredEventHandler;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.ExecutionOptions;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.AspectParameters;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Attribute.ConfigurationTransition;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.AttributeMap;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.ConstantRuleVisibility;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchPackageException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.NoSuchTargetException;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.OutputFile;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.PackageFactory;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.PackageFactory.EnvironmentExtension;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Preprocessor;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Rule;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.Target;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.packages.util.MockToolsConfig;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.LoadingPhaseRunner;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.LoadingPhaseRunner.LoadingResult;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.PackageCacheOptions;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.PackageManager;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.PathPackageLocator;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.pkgcache.TransitivePackageLoader;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.extra.ExtraAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.test.BaselineCoverageAction;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.test.InstrumentedFilesProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.AspectValue;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ConfiguredTargetKey;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.DiffAwareness;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.PrecomputedValue;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.SequencedSkyframeExecutor;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.SkyValueDirtinessChecker;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.testutil.FoundationTestCase;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.testutil.MoreAsserts;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.testutil.TestConstants;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.testutil.TestRuleClassProvider;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.BlazeClock;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.FileType;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.StringUtil;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.util.io.TimestampGranularityMonitor;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.FileSystemUtils;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.ModifiedFileSet;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.Path;
import com.google.devtools.build.lib.vfs.PathFragment;
import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunction;
import com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.SkyFunctionName;
import com.google.devtools.common.options.Options;
import com.google.devtools.common.options.OptionsParser;
import com.google.devtools.common.options.OptionsParsingException;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;

/**
 * Common test code that creates a BuildView instance.
 */
public abstract class BuildViewTestCase extends FoundationTestCase {
  protected static final int LOADING_PHASE_THREADS = 20;

  protected ConfiguredRuleClassProvider ruleClassProvider;
  protected ConfigurationFactory configurationFactory;
  protected BuildView view;

  private SequencedSkyframeExecutor skyframeExecutor;

  protected BlazeDirectories directories;
  protected BinTools binTools;

  // Note that these configurations are virtual (they use only VFS)
  protected BuildConfigurationCollection masterConfig;
  protected BuildConfiguration targetConfig;  // "target" or "build" config

  protected OptionsParser optionsParser;
  private PackageCacheOptions packageCacheOptions;
  private PackageFactory pkgFactory;

  protected MockToolsConfig mockToolsConfig;

  protected WorkspaceStatusAction.Factory workspaceStatusActionFactory;

  private MutableActionGraph mutableActionGraph;
  protected boolean enableLoading = true;

  @Override
  protected void setUp() throws Exception {
    super.setUp();
    AnalysisMock mock = getAnalysisMock();
    directories = new BlazeDirectories(outputBase, outputBase, rootDirectory);
    binTools = BinTools.forUnitTesting(directories, TestConstants.EMBEDDED_TOOLS);
    mockToolsConfig = new MockToolsConfig(rootDirectory, false);
    mock.setupMockClient(mockToolsConfig);
    mock.setupMockWorkspaceFiles(directories.getEmbeddedBinariesRoot());

    configurationFactory = mock.createConfigurationFactory();
    packageCacheOptions = parsePackageCacheOptions();
    workspaceStatusActionFactory =
        new AnalysisTestUtil.DummyWorkspaceStatusActionFactory(directories);
    mutableActionGraph = new MapBasedActionGraph();
    ruleClassProvider = getRuleClassProvider();
    pkgFactory = new PackageFactory(ruleClassProvider, getEnvironmentExtensions());
    skyframeExecutor =
        SequencedSkyframeExecutor.create(
            reporter,
            pkgFactory,
            new TimestampGranularityMonitor(BlazeClock.instance()),
            directories,
            binTools,
            workspaceStatusActionFactory,
            ruleClassProvider.getBuildInfoFactories(),
            ImmutableSet.<Path>of(),
            ImmutableList.<DiffAwareness.Factory>of(),
            Predicates.<PathFragment>alwaysFalse(),
            getPreprocessorFactorySupplier(),
            ImmutableMap.<SkyFunctionName, SkyFunction>of(),
            getPrecomputedValues(),
            ImmutableList.<SkyValueDirtinessChecker>of());
    skyframeExecutor.preparePackageLoading(
        new PathPackageLocator(rootDirectory), ConstantRuleVisibility.PUBLIC, true, 7, "",
        UUID.randomUUID());
    useConfiguration();
    setUpSkyframe();
    // Also initializes ResourceManager.
    ResourceManager.instance().setAvailableResources(getStartingResources());
  }

  protected AnalysisMock getAnalysisMock() {
    try {
      Class<?> providerClass = Class.forName(TestConstants.TEST_ANALYSIS_MOCK);
      Field instanceField = providerClass.getField("INSTANCE");
      return (AnalysisMock) instanceField.get(null);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(e);
    }
  }

  /** Creates or retrieves the rule class provider used in this test. */
  protected ConfiguredRuleClassProvider getRuleClassProvider() {
    return TestRuleClassProvider.getRuleClassProvider();
  }

  protected PackageFactory getPackageFactory() {
    return pkgFactory;
  }

  protected Iterable<EnvironmentExtension> getEnvironmentExtensions() {
    return ImmutableList.<EnvironmentExtension>of();
  }

  protected ImmutableList<PrecomputedValue.Injected> getPrecomputedValues() {
    return ImmutableList.of();
  }

  protected Preprocessor.Factory.Supplier getPreprocessorFactorySupplier() {
    return Preprocessor.Factory.Supplier.NullSupplier.INSTANCE;
  }

  protected ResourceSet getStartingResources() {
    // Effectively disable ResourceManager by default.
    return ResourceSet.createWithRamCpuIo(Double.MAX_VALUE, Double.MAX_VALUE, Double.MAX_VALUE);
  }

  protected final BuildConfigurationCollection createConfigurations(String... args)
      throws Exception {
    optionsParser = OptionsParser.newOptionsParser(Iterables.concat(Arrays.asList(
          ExecutionOptions.class,
          BuildRequest.BuildRequestOptions.class),
          ruleClassProvider.getConfigurationOptions()));
    try {
      List<String> configurationArgs = new ArrayList<>();
      configurationArgs.add("--experimental_extended_sanity_checks");
      configurationArgs.addAll(getAnalysisMock().getOptionOverrides());

      optionsParser.parse(configurationArgs);
      optionsParser.parse(args);

      configurationFactory.forbidSanityCheck();
      BuildOptions buildOptions = ruleClassProvider.createBuildOptions(optionsParser);
      ensureTargetsVisited(buildOptions.getAllLabels().values());
      skyframeExecutor.invalidateConfigurationCollection();
      return skyframeExecutor.createConfigurations(reporter, configurationFactory, buildOptions,
          directories, ImmutableSet.<String>of(), false);
    } catch (InvalidConfigurationException | OptionsParsingException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
    }
  }

  protected Target getTarget(String label)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException,
      LabelSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
    return getTarget(Label.parseAbsolute(label));
  }

  protected Target getTarget(Label label)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException, InterruptedException {
    return getPackageManager().getTarget(reporter, label);
  }

  private void setUpSkyframe() {
    PathPackageLocator pkgLocator = PathPackageLocator.create(
        null, packageCacheOptions.packagePath, reporter, rootDirectory, rootDirectory);
    skyframeExecutor.preparePackageLoading(pkgLocator,
        packageCacheOptions.defaultVisibility, true,
        7, ruleClassProvider.getDefaultsPackageContent(optionsParser),
        UUID.randomUUID());
    skyframeExecutor.setDeletedPackages(ImmutableSet.copyOf(packageCacheOptions.deletedPackages));
  }

  protected void setPackageCacheOptions(String... options) throws Exception {
    packageCacheOptions = parsePackageCacheOptions(options);
    setUpSkyframe();
  }

  private PackageCacheOptions parsePackageCacheOptions(String... options) throws Exception {
    OptionsParser parser = OptionsParser.newOptionsParser(PackageCacheOptions.class);
    parser.parse("--default_visibility=public");
    parser.parse(options);
    return parser.getOptions(PackageCacheOptions.class);
  }

  /** Used by skyframe-only tests. */
  protected SequencedSkyframeExecutor getSkyframeExecutor() {
    return Preconditions.checkNotNull(skyframeExecutor);
  }

  protected PackageManager getPackageManager() {
    return skyframeExecutor.getPackageManager();
  }

  /**
   * Invalidates all existing packages.
   * @throws InterruptedException
   */
  protected void invalidatePackages() throws InterruptedException {
    skyframeExecutor.invalidateFilesUnderPathForTesting(reporter,
        ModifiedFileSet.EVERYTHING_MODIFIED, rootDirectory);
  }

  /**
   * Sets host and target configuration using the specified options, falling back to the default
   * options for unspecified ones, and recreates the build view.
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException
   */
  protected final void useConfiguration(String... args) throws Exception {
    masterConfig = createConfigurations(args);
    targetConfig = getTargetConfiguration();
    createBuildView();
  }

  /**
   * Creates BuildView using current hostConfig/targetConfig values.
   * Ensures that hostConfig is either identical to the targetConfig or has
   * 'host' short name.
   */
  protected final void createBuildView() throws Exception {
    Preconditions.checkNotNull(masterConfig);
    Preconditions.checkState(getHostConfiguration() == getTargetConfiguration()
        || getHostConfiguration().isHostConfiguration(),
        "Host configuration %s is not a host configuration' "
        + "and does not match target configuration %s",
        getHostConfiguration(), getTargetConfiguration());

    String defaultsPackageContent = ruleClassProvider.getDefaultsPackageContent(optionsParser);
    skyframeExecutor.setupDefaultPackage(defaultsPackageContent);
    skyframeExecutor.dropConfiguredTargets();

    view = new BuildView(directories, ruleClassProvider, skyframeExecutor, null);
    view.setConfigurationsForTesting(masterConfig);

    view.setArtifactRoots(
        ImmutableMap.of(PackageIdentifier.createInDefaultRepo(""), rootDirectory), masterConfig);
    simulateLoadingPhase();
  }

  protected CachingAnalysisEnvironment getTestAnalysisEnvironment() {
    return new CachingAnalysisEnvironment(view.getArtifactFactory(),
        ArtifactOwner.NULL_OWNER, /*isSystemEnv=*/true, /*extendedSanityChecks*/false, reporter,
        /*skyframeEnv=*/ null, /*actionsEnabled=*/true, binTools);
  }

  /**
   * Allows access to the prerequisites of a configured target. This is currently used in some tests
   * to reach into the internals of RuleCT for white box testing. In principle, this should not be
   * used; instead tests should only assert on properties of the exposed provider instances and / or
   * the action graph.
   */
  protected Iterable<ConfiguredTarget> getDirectPrerequisites(ConfiguredTarget target)
      throws InterruptedException {
    return view.getDirectPrerequisites(target, masterConfig);
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that a target's prerequisites contain the given dependency.
   */
  // TODO(bazel-team): replace this method with assertThat(iterable).contains(target).
  // That doesn't work now because dynamic configurations aren't yet applied to top-level targets.
  // This means that getConfiguredTarget("//go:two") returns a different configuration than
  // requesting "//go:two" as a dependency. So the configured targets aren't considered "equal".
  // Once we apply dynamic configs to top-level targets this discrepancy will go away.
  protected void assertDirectPrerequisitesContain(ConfiguredTarget target, ConfiguredTarget dep)
      throws InterruptedException {
    Iterable<ConfiguredTarget> prereqs = getDirectPrerequisites(target);
    BuildConfiguration depConfig = dep.getConfiguration();
    for (ConfiguredTarget contained : prereqs) {
      if (contained.getLabel().equals(dep.getLabel())) {
        BuildConfiguration containedConfig = contained.getConfiguration();
        if (containedConfig == null && depConfig == null) {
          return;
        } else if (containedConfig != null
            && depConfig != null
            && containedConfig.cloneOptions().equals(depConfig.cloneOptions())) {
          return;
        }
      }
    }
    fail("Cannot find " + target.toString() + " in " + prereqs.toString());
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that two configurations are the same.
   *
   * <p>Historically this meant they contained the same object reference. But with upcoming dynamic
   * configurations that may no longer be true (for example, they may have the same values but not
   * the same {@link BuildConfiguration.Fragment}s. So this method abstracts the
   * "configuration equivalency" checking into one place, where the implementation logic can evolve
   * as needed.
   */
  protected void assertConfigurationsEqual(BuildConfiguration config1, BuildConfiguration config2) {
    // BuildOptions and crosstool files determine a configuration's content. Within the context
    // of these tests only the former actually change.
    assertEquals(config1.cloneOptions(), config2.cloneOptions());
  }

  /**
   * Creates and returns a rule context that is equivalent to the one that was used to create the
   * given configured target.
   */
  protected RuleContext getRuleContext(ConfiguredTarget target) throws InterruptedException {
    return view.getRuleContextForTesting(target, new StubAnalysisEnvironment(), masterConfig);
  }

  /**
   * Creates and returns a rule context to use for Skylark tests that is equivalent to the one
   * that was used to create the given configured target.
   */
  protected RuleContext getRuleContextForSkylark(ConfiguredTarget target)
      throws InterruptedException {
    // TODO(bazel-team): we need this horrible workaround because CachingAnalysisEnvironment
    // only works with StoredErrorEventListener despite the fact it accepts the interface
    // ErrorEventListener, so it's not possible to create it with reporter.
    // See BuildView.getRuleContextForTesting().
    StoredEventHandler eventHandler = new StoredEventHandler() {
      @Override
      public synchronized void handle(Event e) {
        super.handle(e);
        reporter.handle(e);
      }
    };
    return view.getRuleContextForTesting(target, eventHandler, masterConfig, binTools);
  }

  /**
   * Allows access to the prerequisites of a configured target. This is currently used in some tests
   * to reach into the internals of RuleCT for white box testing. In principle, this should not be
   * used; instead tests should only assert on properties of the exposed provider instances and / or
   * the action graph.
   */
  protected List<? extends TransitiveInfoCollection> getPrerequisites(ConfiguredTarget target,
      String attributeName) throws InterruptedException {
    return getRuleContext(target).getConfiguredTargetMap().get(attributeName);
  }

  /**
   * Allows access to the prerequisites of a configured target. This is currently used in some tests
   * to reach into the internals of RuleCT for white box testing. In principle, this should not be
   * used; instead tests should only assert on properties of the exposed provider instances and / or
   * the action graph.
   */
  protected <C extends TransitiveInfoProvider> Iterable<C> getPrerequisites(ConfiguredTarget target,
      String attributeName, Class<C> classType) throws InterruptedException {
    return AnalysisUtils.getProviders(getPrerequisites(target, attributeName), classType);
  }

  /**
   * Allows access to the prerequisites of a configured target. This is currently used in some tests
   * to reach into the internals of RuleCT for white box testing. In principle, this should not be
   * used; instead tests should only assert on properties of the exposed provider instances and / or
   * the action graph.
   */
  protected ImmutableList<Artifact> getPrerequisiteArtifacts(
      ConfiguredTarget target, String attributeName) throws InterruptedException {
    Set<Artifact> result = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    for (FileProvider provider : getPrerequisites(target, attributeName, FileProvider.class)) {
      Iterables.addAll(result, provider.getFilesToBuild());
    }
    return ImmutableList.copyOf(result);
  }

  protected ActionGraph getActionGraph() {
    return skyframeExecutor.getActionGraph(reporter);
  }

  protected final Action getGeneratingAction(Artifact artifact) {
    Preconditions.checkNotNull(artifact);
    Action action = mutableActionGraph.getGeneratingAction(artifact);
    if (action != null) {
      return action;
    }
    return getActionGraph().getGeneratingAction(artifact);
  }

  protected void simulateLoadingPhase() {
    try {
      ensureTargetsVisited(targetConfig.getAllLabels().values());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  protected ActionsTestUtil actionsTestUtil() {
    return new ActionsTestUtil(getActionGraph());
  }

  private Set<Target> getTargets(Iterable<Label> labels) throws InterruptedException,
      NoSuchTargetException, NoSuchPackageException{
    Set<Target> targets = Sets.newHashSet();
    for (Label label : labels) {
      targets.add(skyframeExecutor.getPackageManager().getTarget(reporter, label));
    }
    return targets;
  }

  // Get a MutableActionGraph for testing purposes.
  protected MutableActionGraph getMutableActionGraph() {
    return mutableActionGraph;
  }

  protected TransitivePackageLoader makeVisitor() {
    setUpSkyframe();
    return skyframeExecutor.pkgLoader();
  }

  /**
   * Construct the containing package of the specified labels, and all of its transitive
   * dependencies.  This must be done prior to configuration, as the latter is intolerant of
   * NoSuchTargetExceptions.
   */
  protected boolean ensureTargetsVisited(TransitivePackageLoader visitor,
      Collection<Label> targets, Collection<Label> labels, boolean keepGoing)
          throws InterruptedException, NoSuchTargetException, NoSuchPackageException {
    boolean success = visitor.sync(reporter,
        ImmutableSet.copyOf(getTargets(targets)),
        ImmutableSet.copyOf(labels),
        keepGoing,
        /*parallelThreads=*/4,
        /*maxDepth=*/Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    return success;
  }

  protected boolean ensureTargetsVisited(Collection<Label> labels)
      throws InterruptedException, NoSuchTargetException, NoSuchPackageException {
    return ensureTargetsVisited(makeVisitor(), ImmutableSet.<Label>of(), labels,
        /*keepGoing=*/false);
  }

  protected boolean ensureTargetsVisited(Label label)
      throws InterruptedException, NoSuchTargetException, NoSuchPackageException {
    return ensureTargetsVisited(ImmutableList.of(label));
  }

  protected boolean ensureTargetsVisited(String... labels)
      throws InterruptedException, NoSuchTargetException, NoSuchPackageException,
          LabelSyntaxException {
    List<Label> actualLabels = new ArrayList<>();
    for (String label : labels) {
      actualLabels.add(Label.parseAbsolute(label));
    }
    return ensureTargetsVisited(actualLabels);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ConfiguredTarget for the specified label, configured for the
   * "build" (aka "target") configuration.
   */
  protected ConfiguredTarget getConfiguredTarget(String label)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException,
      LabelSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
    return getConfiguredTarget(label, targetConfig);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ConfiguredTarget for the specified label, using the
   * given build configuration.
   */
  protected ConfiguredTarget getConfiguredTarget(String label, BuildConfiguration config)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException,
      LabelSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
    ensureTargetsVisited(label);
    return view.getConfiguredTargetForTesting(getTarget(label), config);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ConfiguredTarget for the specified label, using the
   * given build configuration.
   */
  protected ConfiguredTarget getConfiguredTarget(Label label, BuildConfiguration config)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException, InterruptedException {
    ensureTargetsVisited(label);
    return view.getConfiguredTargetForTesting(getTarget(label), config);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ConfiguredTarget for the specified file label, configured for
   * the "build" (aka "target") configuration.
   */
  protected FileConfiguredTarget getFileConfiguredTarget(String label)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException,
      LabelSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
    return (FileConfiguredTarget) getConfiguredTarget(label, targetConfig);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ConfiguredTarget for the specified label, configured for
   * the "host" configuration.
   */
  protected ConfiguredTarget getHostConfiguredTarget(String label)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException,
      LabelSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
    return getConfiguredTarget(label, getHostConfiguration());
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ConfiguredTarget for the specified file label, configured for
   * the "host" configuration.
   */
  protected FileConfiguredTarget getHostFileConfiguredTarget(String label)
      throws NoSuchPackageException, NoSuchTargetException,
      LabelSyntaxException, InterruptedException {
    return (FileConfiguredTarget) getHostConfiguredTarget(label);
  }

  /**
   * Create and return a configured scratch rule.
   *
   * @param packageName the package name ofthe rule.
   * @param ruleName the name of the rule.
   * @param lines the text of the rule.
   * @return the configured target instance for the created rule.
   * @throws IOException
   * @throws Exception
   */
  protected ConfiguredTarget scratchConfiguredTarget(String packageName,
                                                     String ruleName,
                                                     String... lines)
      throws IOException, Exception {
    return scratchConfiguredTarget(packageName, ruleName, targetConfig, lines);
  }

  /**
   * Create and return a scratch rule.
   *
   * @param packageName the package name of the rule.
   * @param ruleName the name of the rule.
   * @param lines the text of the rule.
   * @return the rule instance for the created rule.
   * @throws IOException
   * @throws Exception
   */
  protected Rule scratchRule(String packageName, String ruleName, String... lines)
      throws Exception {
    String buildFilePathString = packageName + "/BUILD";
    scratch.file(buildFilePathString, lines);
    skyframeExecutor.invalidateFilesUnderPathForTesting(
        reporter,
        new ModifiedFileSet.Builder().modify(new PathFragment(buildFilePathString)).build(),
        rootDirectory);
    return (Rule) getTarget("//" + packageName + ":" + ruleName);
  }

  /**
   * Create and return a configured scratch rule.
   *
   * @param packageName the package name of the rule.
   * @param ruleName the name of the rule.
   * @param config the configuration to use to construct the configured rule.
   * @param lines the text of the rule.
   * @return the configured target instance for the created rule.
   * @throws IOException
   * @throws Exception
   */
  protected ConfiguredTarget scratchConfiguredTarget(String packageName,
                                                     String ruleName,
                                                     BuildConfiguration config,
                                                     String... lines)
      throws IOException, Exception {
    Target rule = scratchRule(packageName, ruleName, lines);
    if (ensureTargetsVisited(rule.getLabel())) {
      return view.getConfiguredTargetForTesting(rule, config);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Check that configuration of the target named 'ruleName' in the
   * specified BUILD file fails with an error message ending in
   * 'expectedErrorMessage'.
   *
   * @param packageName the package name of the generated BUILD file
   * @param ruleName the rule name for the rule in the generated BUILD file
   * @param expectedErrorMessage the expected error message.
   * @param lines the text of the rule.
   * @return the found error.
   */
  protected Event checkError(String packageName,
                             String ruleName,
                             String expectedErrorMessage,
                             String... lines) throws Exception {
    eventCollector.clear();
    reporter.removeHandler(failFastHandler); // expect errors
    ConfiguredTarget target = scratchConfiguredTarget(packageName, ruleName, lines);
    if (target != null) {
      assertTrue("Rule '" + "//" + packageName + ":" + ruleName + "' did not contain an error",
          view.hasErrors(target));
    }
    return assertContainsEvent(expectedErrorMessage);
  }

  /**
   * Check that configuration of the target named 'ruleName' in the
   * specified BUILD file reports a warning message ending in
   * 'expectedWarningMessage', and that no errors were reported.
   *
   * @param packageName the package name of the generated BUILD file
   * @param ruleName the rule name for the rule in the generated BUILD file
   * @param expectedWarningMessage the expected warning message.
   * @param lines the text of the rule.
   * @return the found error.
   */
  protected Event checkWarning(String packageName,
                               String ruleName,
                               String expectedWarningMessage,
                               String... lines) throws Exception {
    eventCollector.clear();
    ConfiguredTarget target = scratchConfiguredTarget(packageName, ruleName,
        lines);
    assertFalse(
        "Rule '" + "//" + packageName + ":" + ruleName + "' did contain an error",
        view.hasErrors(target));
    return assertContainsEvent(expectedWarningMessage);
  }

  /**
   * Given a collection of Artifacts, returns a corresponding set of strings of
   * the form "[root] [relpath]", such as "bin x/libx.a".  Such strings make
   * assertions easier to write.
   *
   * <p>The returned set preserves the order of the input.
   */
  protected Set<String> artifactsToStrings(Iterable<Artifact> artifacts) {
    return AnalysisTestUtil.artifactsToStrings(masterConfig, artifacts);
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that targetName's outputs are exactly expectedOuts.
   *
   * @param targetName The label of a rule.
   * @param expectedOuts The labels of the expected outputs of the rule.
   */
  protected void assertOuts(String targetName, String... expectedOuts) throws Exception {
    Rule ruleTarget = (Rule) getTarget(targetName);
    for (String expectedOut : expectedOuts) {
      Target outTarget = getTarget(expectedOut);
      if (!(outTarget instanceof OutputFile)) {
        fail("Target " + outTarget + " is not an output");
        assertSame(ruleTarget, ((OutputFile) outTarget).getGeneratingRule());
        // This ensures that the output artifact is wired up in the action graph
        getConfiguredTarget(expectedOut);
      }
    }

    Collection<OutputFile> outs = ruleTarget.getOutputFiles();
    assertEquals("Mismatched outputs: " + outs, expectedOuts.length, outs.size());
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that there exists a configured target file for the given label.
   */
  protected void assertConfiguredTargetExists(String label) throws Exception {
    assertNotNull(getFileConfiguredTarget(label));
  }

  /**
   * Assert that the first label and the second label are both generated
   * by the same command.
   */
  protected void assertSameGeneratingAction(String labelA, String labelB)
      throws Exception {
    assertSame(
        "Action for " + labelA + " did not match " + labelB,
        getGeneratingActionForLabel(labelA),
        getGeneratingActionForLabel(labelB));
  }

  protected Artifact getSourceArtifact(PathFragment rootRelativePath, Root root) {
    return view.getArtifactFactory().getSourceArtifact(rootRelativePath, root);
  }

  protected Artifact getSourceArtifact(String name) {
    return getSourceArtifact(new PathFragment(name), Root.asSourceRoot(rootDirectory));
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived artifact, creating it if necessary. {@code ArtifactOwner} should be a genuine
   * {@link LabelAndConfiguration} corresponding to a {@link ConfiguredTarget}. If called from a
   * test that does not exercise the analysis phase, the convenience methods {@link
   * #getBinArtifactWithNoOwner} or {@link #getGenfilesArtifactWithNoOwner} should be used instead.
   */
  protected Artifact getDerivedArtifact(PathFragment rootRelativePath, Root root,
      ArtifactOwner owner) {
    return view.getArtifactFactory().getDerivedArtifact(rootRelativePath, root, owner);
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing with path of the form
   * root/owner.getPackageFragment()/packageRelativePath.
   *
   * @see #getDerivedArtifact(PathFragment, Root, ArtifactOwner)
   */
  private Artifact getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(String packageRelativePath, Root root,
      ArtifactOwner owner) {
    return getDerivedArtifact(
        owner.getLabel().getPackageFragment().getRelative(packageRelativePath),
        root, owner);
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the {@link BuildConfiguration#getBinDirectory()}. This
   * method should only be used for tests that do no analysis, and so there is no ConfiguredTarget
   * to own this artifact. If the test runs the analysis phase, {@link
   * #getBinArtifact(String, ArtifactOwner)} or its convenience methods should be
   * used instead.
   */
  protected Artifact getBinArtifactWithNoOwner(String rootRelativePath) {
    return getDerivedArtifact(new PathFragment(rootRelativePath), targetConfig.getBinDirectory(),
        ActionsTestUtil.NULL_ARTIFACT_OWNER);
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getBinDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}. So
   * to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should just
   * be "foo.o".
   */
  protected Artifact getBinArtifact(String packageRelativePath, String owner) {
    return getBinArtifact(packageRelativePath, makeLabelAndConfiguration(owner));
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getBinDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}. So
   * to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should just
   * be "foo.o".
   */
  protected Artifact getBinArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ConfiguredTarget owner) {
    return getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(packageRelativePath,
        owner.getConfiguration().getBinDirectory(), new ConfiguredTargetKey(owner));
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getBinDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner},
   * where the given artifact belongs to the given ConfiguredTarget together with the given Aspect.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo with an aspect from FooAspect,
   * {@code packageRelativePath} should just be "foo.o", and aspectOfOwner should be
   * FooAspect.class. This method is necessary when an Aspect of the target, not the target itself,
   * is creating an Artifact.
   */
  protected Artifact getBinArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ConfiguredTarget owner,
      Class<? extends ConfiguredAspectFactory> creatingAspectFactory) {
    return getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(packageRelativePath,
        owner.getConfiguration().getBinDirectory(),
        (AspectValue.AspectKey) AspectValue.key(
            owner.getLabel(), owner.getConfiguration(), creatingAspectFactory,
            AspectParameters.EMPTY).argument());
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getBinDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}. So
   * to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should just
   * be "foo.o".
   */
  private Artifact getBinArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ArtifactOwner owner) {
    return getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(packageRelativePath, targetConfig.getBinDirectory(),
        owner);
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the {@link BuildConfiguration#getGenfilesDirectory()}.
   * This method should only be used for tests that do no analysis, and so there is no
   * ConfiguredTarget to own this artifact. If the test runs the analysis phase, {@link
   * #getGenfilesArtifact(String, ArtifactOwner)} or its convenience methods should be used instead.
   */
  protected Artifact getGenfilesArtifactWithNoOwner(String rootRelativePath) {
    return getDerivedArtifact(new PathFragment(rootRelativePath),
        targetConfig.getGenfilesDirectory(), ActionsTestUtil.NULL_ARTIFACT_OWNER);
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getGenfilesDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should
   * just be "foo.o".
   */
  protected Artifact getGenfilesArtifact(String packageRelativePath, String owner) {
    return getGenfilesArtifact(packageRelativePath, makeLabelAndConfiguration(owner));
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getGenfilesDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should
   * just be "foo.o".
   */
  protected Artifact getGenfilesArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ConfiguredTarget owner) {
    return getGenfilesArtifact(packageRelativePath, new ConfiguredTargetKey(owner));
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getGenfilesDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner},
   * where the given artifact belongs to the given ConfiguredTarget together with the given Aspect.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo with an apsect from FooAspect,
   * {@code packageRelativePath} should just be "foo.o", and aspectOfOwner should be
   * FooAspect.class. This method is necessary when an Apsect of the target, not the target itself,
   * is creating an Artifact.
   */
  protected Artifact getGenfilesArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ConfiguredTarget owner,
      Class<? extends ConfiguredAspectFactory> creatingAspectFactory) {
    return getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(packageRelativePath,
        owner.getConfiguration().getGenfilesDirectory(),
        (AspectValue.AspectKey) AspectValue.key(
            owner.getLabel(), owner.getConfiguration(), creatingAspectFactory,
            AspectParameters.EMPTY).argument());
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getGenfilesDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should
   * just be "foo.o".
   */
  private Artifact getGenfilesArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ArtifactOwner owner) {
    return getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(packageRelativePath,
        targetConfig.getGenfilesDirectory(),
        owner);
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getIncludeDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should
   * just be "foo.h".
   */
  protected Artifact getIncludeArtifact(String packageRelativePath, String owner) {
    return getIncludeArtifact(packageRelativePath, makeLabelAndConfiguration(owner));
  }

  /**
   * Gets a derived Artifact for testing in the subdirectory of the {@link
   * BuildConfiguration#getIncludeDirectory()} corresponding to the package of {@code owner}.
   * So to specify a file foo/foo.o owned by target //foo:foo, {@code packageRelativePath} should
   * just be "foo.h".
   */
  private Artifact getIncludeArtifact(String packageRelativePath, ArtifactOwner owner) {
    return getPackageRelativeDerivedArtifact(packageRelativePath,
        targetConfig.getIncludeDirectory(),
        owner);
  }

  /**
   * @return a shared artifact at the binary-root relative path {@code rootRelativePath} owned by
   *         {@code owner}.
   *
   * @param rootRelativePath the binary-root relative path of the artifact.
   * @param owner the artifact's owner.
   */
  protected Artifact getSharedArtifact(String rootRelativePath, ConfiguredTarget owner) {
    return getDerivedArtifact(new PathFragment(rootRelativePath), targetConfig.getBinDirectory(),
        new ConfiguredTargetKey(owner));
  }

  protected Action getGeneratingActionForLabel(String label) throws Exception {
    return getGeneratingAction(getFileConfiguredTarget(label).getArtifact());
  }

  protected String fileName(Artifact artifact) {
    return artifact.getExecPathString();
  }

  protected String fileName(FileConfiguredTarget target) {
    return fileName(target.getArtifact());
  }

  protected String fileName(String name) throws Exception {
    return fileName(getFileConfiguredTarget(name));
  }

  protected Path getOutputPath() {
    return directories.getOutputPath();
  }

  /**
   * Verifies whether the rule checks the 'srcs' attribute validity.
   *
   * <p>At the call site it expects the {@code packageName} to contain:
   * <ol>
   *   <li>{@code :gvalid} - genrule that outputs a valid file</li>
   *   <li>{@code :ginvalid} - genrule that outputs an invalid file</li>
   *   <li>{@code :gmix} - genrule that outputs a mix of valid and invalid
   *       files</li>
   *   <li>{@code :valid} - rule of type {@code ruleType} that has a valid
   *       file, {@code :gvalid} and {@code :gmix} in the srcs</li>
   *   <li>{@code :invalid} - rule of type {@code ruleType} that has an invalid
   *       file, {@code :ginvalid} in the srcs</li>
   *   <li>{@code :mix} - rule of type {@code ruleType} that has a valid and an
   *       invalid file in the srcs</li>
   * </ol>
   *
   * @param packageName the package where the rules under test are located
   * @param ruleType rules under test types
   * @param expectedTypes expected file types
   */
  protected void assertSrcsValidityForRuleType(String packageName, String ruleType,
      String expectedTypes) throws Exception {
    reporter.removeHandler(failFastHandler);
    String descriptionSingle = ruleType + " srcs file (expected " + expectedTypes + ")";
    String descriptionPlural = ruleType + " srcs files (expected " + expectedTypes + ")";
    String descriptionPluralFile = "(expected " + expectedTypes + ")";
    assertSrcsValidity(ruleType, packageName + ":valid", false,
        "need at least one " + descriptionSingle,
        "'" + packageName + ":gvalid' does not produce any " + descriptionPlural,
        "'" + packageName + ":gmix' does not produce any " + descriptionPlural);
    assertSrcsValidity(ruleType, packageName + ":invalid", true,
        "file '" + packageName + ":a.foo' is misplaced here " + descriptionPluralFile,
        "'" + packageName + ":ginvalid' does not produce any " + descriptionPlural);
    assertSrcsValidity(ruleType, packageName + ":mix", true,
        "'" + packageName + ":a.foo' does not produce any " + descriptionPlural);
  }

  protected void assertSrcsValidity(String ruleType, String targetName, boolean expectedError,
      String... expectedMessages) throws Exception{
    ConfiguredTarget target = getConfiguredTarget(targetName);
    if (expectedError) {
      assertTrue(view.hasErrors(target));
      for (String expectedMessage : expectedMessages) {
        String message = "in srcs attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + targetName + ": "
            + expectedMessage;
        assertContainsEvent(message);
      }
    } else {
      assertFalse(view.hasErrors(target));
      for (String expectedMessage : expectedMessages) {
        String message = "in srcs attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + target.getLabel() + ": "
            + expectedMessage;
        assertDoesNotContainEvent(message);
      }
    }
  }

  private static Label makeLabel(String label) {
    try {
      return Label.parseAbsolute(label);
    } catch (LabelSyntaxException e) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(e);
    }
  }

  private ConfiguredTargetKey makeLabelAndConfiguration(String label) {
    return new ConfiguredTargetKey(makeLabel(label), targetConfig);
  }

  protected static List<String> actionInputsToPaths(Iterable<? extends ActionInput> actionInputs) {
    return ImmutableList.copyOf(
        Iterables.transform(actionInputs, new Function<ActionInput, String>() {
          @Override
          public String apply(ActionInput actionInput) {
            return actionInput.getExecPathString();
          }
        }));
  }

  protected String readContentAsLatin1String(Artifact artifact) throws IOException {
    return new String(FileSystemUtils.readContentAsLatin1(artifact.getPath()));
  }

  /**
   * Asserts that the predecessor closure of the given Artifact contains the same elements as those
   * in expectedPredecessors, plus the given common predecessors.  Only looks at predecessors of
   * the given file type.
   */
  public void assertPredecessorClosureSameContents(
      Artifact artifact, FileType fType, Iterable<String> common, String... expectedPredecessors) {
    assertSameContentsWithCommonElements(
        actionsTestUtil().predecessorClosureAsCollection(artifact, fType),
        expectedPredecessors, common);
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for asserting that the contents of one collection are the
   * same as those in a second plus some set of common elements.
   */
  protected void assertSameContentsWithCommonElements(Iterable<Artifact> artifacts,
      Iterable<String> common, String... expectedInputs) {
    MoreAsserts.assertSameContents(Iterables.concat(Lists.newArrayList(expectedInputs), common),
        ActionsTestUtil.prettyArtifactNames(artifacts));
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for asserting that the contents of one collection are the
   * same as those in a second plus some set of common elements.
   */
  protected void assertSameContentsWithCommonElements(Iterable<String> artifacts,
      String[] expectedInputs, Iterable<String> common) {
    MoreAsserts.assertSameContents(Iterables.concat(Lists.newArrayList(expectedInputs), common),
        artifacts);
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for asserting that a list contains the elements of a
   * sublist. This is useful for checking that a list of arguments contains a
   * particular set of arguments.
   */
  protected void assertContainsSublist(List<String> list, String... sublist) {
    assertContainsSublist(null, list, Arrays.asList(sublist));
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for asserting that a list contains the elements of a
   * sublist. This is useful for checking that a list of arguments contains a
   * particular set of arguments.
   */
  protected void assertContainsSublist(List<String> list, List<String> sublist) {
    assertContainsSublist(null, list, sublist);
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for asserting that a list contains the elements of a
   * sublist. This is useful for checking that a list of arguments contains a
   * particular set of arguments.
   */
  protected void assertContainsSublist(String message, List<String> list, List<String> sublist) {
    if (Collections.indexOfSubList(list, sublist) == -1) {
      fail((message == null ? "" : (message + ' '))
          + "expected: <" + list + "> to contain sublist: <" + sublist + ">");
    }
  }

  protected void assertContainsSelfEdgeEvent(String label) {
    assertContainsEvent(label + " [self-edge]");
  }

  protected Iterable<Artifact> collectRunfiles(ConfiguredTarget target) {
    RunfilesProvider runfilesProvider = target.getProvider(RunfilesProvider.class);
    if (runfilesProvider != null) {
      return runfilesProvider.getDefaultRunfiles().getAllArtifacts();
    } else {
      return Runfiles.EMPTY.getAllArtifacts();
    }
  }

  protected NestedSet<Artifact> getFilesToBuild(TransitiveInfoCollection target) {
    return target.getProvider(FileProvider.class).getFilesToBuild();
  }

  /**
   * Returns all extra actions for that target (no transitive actions), no duplicate actions.
   */
  protected ImmutableList<Action> getExtraActionActions(ConfiguredTarget target) {
    LinkedHashSet<Action> result = new LinkedHashSet<>();
    for (Artifact artifact : getExtraActionArtifacts(target)) {
      result.add(getGeneratingAction(artifact));
    }
    return ImmutableList.copyOf(result);
  }

  protected ImmutableList<Action> getFilesToBuildActions(ConfiguredTarget target) {
    List<Action> result = new ArrayList<>();
    for (Artifact artifact : getFilesToBuild(target)) {
      Action action = getGeneratingAction(artifact);
      if (action != null) {
        result.add(action);
      }
    }
    return ImmutableList.copyOf(result);
  }

  protected NestedSet<Artifact> getOutputGroup(
      TransitiveInfoCollection target, String outputGroup) {
    OutputGroupProvider provider = target.getProvider(OutputGroupProvider.class);
    return provider == null
        ? NestedSetBuilder.<Artifact>emptySet(Order.STABLE_ORDER)
        : provider.getOutputGroup(outputGroup);
  }

  protected ImmutableList<Artifact> getExtraActionArtifacts(ConfiguredTarget target) {
    return target.getProvider(ExtraActionArtifactsProvider.class).getExtraActionArtifacts();
  }

  protected Artifact getExecutable(String label) throws Exception {
    return getConfiguredTarget(label).getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getExecutable();
  }

  protected Artifact getExecutable(TransitiveInfoCollection target) {
    return target.getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getExecutable();
  }

  protected ImmutableList<Artifact> getFilesToRun(TransitiveInfoCollection target) {
    return target.getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getFilesToRun();
  }

  protected ImmutableList<Artifact> getFilesToRun(Label label) throws Exception {
    return getConfiguredTarget(label, targetConfig)
        .getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getFilesToRun();
  }

  protected ImmutableList<Artifact> getFilesToRun(String label) throws Exception {
    return getConfiguredTarget(label).getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getFilesToRun();
  }

  protected RunfilesSupport getRunfilesSupport(String label) throws Exception {
    return getConfiguredTarget(label).getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getRunfilesSupport();
  }

  protected RunfilesSupport getRunfilesSupport(TransitiveInfoCollection target) {
    return target.getProvider(FilesToRunProvider.class).getRunfilesSupport();
  }

  protected static Runfiles getDefaultRunfiles(ConfiguredTarget target) {
    return target.getProvider(RunfilesProvider.class).getDefaultRunfiles();
  }

  protected static Runfiles getDataRunfiles(ConfiguredTarget target) {
    return target.getProvider(RunfilesProvider.class).getDataRunfiles();
  }

  protected BuildConfiguration getTargetConfiguration() {
    return Iterables.getOnlyElement(masterConfig.getTargetConfigurations());
  }

  protected BuildConfiguration getDataConfiguration() {
    BuildConfiguration targetConfig = getTargetConfiguration();
    // TODO(bazel-team): do a proper data transition for dynamic configurations.
    return targetConfig.useDynamicConfigurations()
        ? targetConfig
        : targetConfig.getConfiguration(ConfigurationTransition.DATA);
  }

  protected BuildConfiguration getHostConfiguration() {
    return masterConfig.getHostConfiguration();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an attribute value retriever for the given rule for the target configuration.

   */
  protected AttributeMap attributes(RuleConfiguredTarget ct) {
    return ConfiguredAttributeMapper.of(ct);
  }

  protected AttributeMap attributes(ConfiguredTarget rule) {
    return attributes((RuleConfiguredTarget) rule);
  }

  protected AnalysisResult update(List<String> targets,
      boolean keepGoing,
      int loadingPhaseThreads,
      boolean doAnalysis,
      EventBus eventBus) throws Exception {
    return update(
        targets, ImmutableList.<String>of(), keepGoing, loadingPhaseThreads, doAnalysis, eventBus);
  }

  protected AnalysisResult update(
      List<String> targets,
      List<String> aspects,
      boolean keepGoing,
      int loadingPhaseThreads,
      boolean doAnalysis,
      EventBus eventBus)
      throws Exception {

    LoadingPhaseRunner.Options loadingOptions =
        Options.getDefaults(LoadingPhaseRunner.Options.class);
    loadingOptions.loadingPhaseThreads = loadingPhaseThreads;

    BuildView.Options viewOptions = Options.getDefaults(BuildView.Options.class);
    viewOptions.keepGoing = keepGoing;

    LoadingPhaseRunner runner = new LoadingPhaseRunner(getPackageManager(),
        Collections.unmodifiableSet(ruleClassProvider.getRuleClassMap().keySet()));
    LoadingResult loadingResult = runner.execute(reporter, eventBus, targets, loadingOptions,
        getTargetConfiguration().getAllLabels(), viewOptions.keepGoing,
        enableLoading, /*determineTests=*/false, /*callback=*/null);
    if (!doAnalysis) {
      // TODO(bazel-team): What's supposed to happen in this case?
      return null;
    }
    return view.update(
        loadingResult,
        masterConfig,
        aspects,
        viewOptions,
        AnalysisTestUtil.TOP_LEVEL_ARTIFACT_CONTEXT,
        reporter,
        eventBus,
        enableLoading);
  }

  protected static Predicate<Artifact> artifactNamed(final String name) {
    return new Predicate<Artifact>() {
      @Override
      public boolean apply(Artifact input) {
        return name.equals(input.prettyPrint());
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for tests. Converts an array of strings into a set of labels.
   *
   * @param strings the set of strings to be converted to labels.
   * @throws LabelSyntaxException if there are any syntax errors in the strings.
   */
  public static Set<Label> asLabelSet(String... strings) throws LabelSyntaxException {
    return asLabelSet(ImmutableList.copyOf(strings));
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for tests. Converts an array of strings into a set of labels.
   *
   * @param strings the set of strings to be converted to labels.
   * @throws LabelSyntaxException if there are any syntax errors in the strings.
   */
  public static Set<Label> asLabelSet(Iterable<String> strings) throws LabelSyntaxException {
    Set<Label> result = Sets.newTreeSet();
    for (String s : strings) {
      result.add(Label.parseAbsolute(s));
    }
    return result;
  }

  protected SpawnAction getGeneratingAction(ConfiguredTarget target,
      String outputName) {
    Artifact found = Iterables.find(getFilesToBuild(target),
        artifactNamed(outputName));
    return (SpawnAction) getGeneratingAction(found);
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgSingleFile(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName,
      String depRuleName) {
    return "in " + attrName + " attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + ruleName + ": '"
        + depRuleName + "' must produce a single file";
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgNoGoodFiles(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName,
      String depRuleName) {
    return "in " + attrName + " attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + ruleName + ": '"
        + depRuleName + "' does not produce any " + ruleType + " " + attrName + " files";
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgMisplacedFiles(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName,
      String fileName) {
    return "in " + attrName + " attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + ruleName + ": file '"
        + fileName + "' is misplaced here";
  }

  protected String getErrorNonExistingTarget(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName,
      String targetName) {
    return "in " + attrName + " attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + ruleName + ": target '"
        + targetName + "' does not exist";
  }

  protected String getErrorNonExistingRule(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName,
      String targetName) {
    return "in " + attrName + " attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + ruleName + ": rule '"
        + targetName + "' does not exist";
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgMisplacedRules(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName,
      String depRuleType, String depRuleName) {
    return "in " + attrName + " attribute of " + ruleType + " rule " + ruleName + ": "
        + depRuleType + " rule '" + depRuleName + "' is misplaced here";
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgNonEmptyList(String attrName, String ruleType, String ruleName) {
    return "non empty attribute '" + attrName + "' in '" + ruleType
        + "' rule '" + ruleName + "' has to have at least one value";
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgMandatoryMissing(String attrName, String ruleType) {
    return "missing value for mandatory attribute '" + attrName + "' in '" + ruleType + "' rule";
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgWrongAttributeValue(String value, String... expected) {
    return String.format("has to be one of %s instead of '%s'",
        StringUtil.joinEnglishList(ImmutableSet.copyOf(expected), "or", "'"), value);
  }

  protected String getErrorMsgMandatoryProviderMissing(String offendingRule, String providerName) {
    return String.format("'%s' does not have mandatory provider '%s'", offendingRule, providerName);
  }

  /**
   * A stub analysis environment.
   */
  protected class StubAnalysisEnvironment implements AnalysisEnvironment {

    @Override
    public void registerAction(Action... action) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean hasErrors() {
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public Artifact getEmbeddedToolArtifact(String embeddedPath) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Artifact getConstantMetadataArtifact(PathFragment rootRelativePath, Root root) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public EventHandler getEventHandler() {
      return reporter;
    }

    @Override
    public MiddlemanFactory getMiddlemanFactory() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Action getLocalGeneratingAction(Artifact artifact) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Iterable<Action> getRegisteredActions() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public SkyFunction.Environment getSkyframeEnv() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Artifact getFilesetArtifact(PathFragment rootRelativePath, Root root) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Artifact getDerivedArtifact(PathFragment rootRelativePath, Root root) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Artifact getStableWorkspaceStatusArtifact() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public Artifact getVolatileWorkspaceStatusArtifact() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public ImmutableList<Artifact> getBuildInfo(RuleContext ruleContext, BuildInfoKey key) {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public ArtifactOwner getOwner() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    @Override
    public ImmutableSet<Artifact> getOrphanArtifacts() {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
  }

  protected Iterable<String> baselineCoverageArtifactBasenames(ConfiguredTarget target)
      throws Exception {
    ImmutableList.Builder<String> basenames = ImmutableList.builder();
    for (Artifact baselineCoverage : target
        .getProvider(InstrumentedFilesProvider.class)
        .getBaselineCoverageArtifacts()) {
      BaselineCoverageAction baselineAction =
          (BaselineCoverageAction) getGeneratingAction(baselineCoverage);
      ByteArrayOutputStream bytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      baselineAction.newDeterministicWriter(null, null).writeOutputFile(bytes);

      for (String line : new String(bytes.toByteArray(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8).split("\n")) {
        if (line.startsWith("SF:")) {
          String basename = line.substring(line.lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
          basenames.add(basename);
        }
      }
    }
    return basenames.build();
  }

  /**
   * Finds an artifact in the transitive closure of a set of other artifacts by following a path
   * based on artifact name suffixes.
   *
   * <p>This selects the first artifact in the input set that matches the first suffix, then selects
   * the first artifact in the inputs of its generating action that matches the second suffix etc.,
   * and repeats this until the supplied suffixes run out.
   */
  protected Artifact artifactByPath(Iterable<Artifact> artifacts, String... suffixes) {
    Artifact artifact = getFirstArtifactEndingWith(artifacts, suffixes[0]);
    Action action = null;
    for (int i = 1; i < suffixes.length; i++) {
      if (artifact == null) {
        if (action == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("No suffix " + suffixes[0] + " among artifacts: "
              + ActionsTestUtil.baseArtifactNames(artifacts));
        } else {
          throw new IllegalStateException("No suffix " + suffixes[i]
              + " among inputs of action " + action.describe() + ": "
              + ActionsTestUtil.baseArtifactNames(artifacts));
        }
      }

      action = getGeneratingAction(artifact);
      artifacts = action.getInputs();
      artifact = getFirstArtifactEndingWith(artifacts, suffixes[i]);
    }

    return artifact;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieves an instance of {@code PseudoAction} that is shadowed by an extra action
   * @param targetLabel Label of the target with an extra action
   * @param actionListenerLabel Label of the action listener
   */
  protected PseudoAction<?> getPseudoActionViaExtraAction(
      String targetLabel, String actionListenerLabel) throws Exception {
    useConfiguration(String.format("--experimental_action_listener=%s", actionListenerLabel));

    ConfiguredTarget target = getConfiguredTarget(targetLabel);
    List<Action> actions = getExtraActionActions(target);

    assertNotNull(actions);
    assertThat(actions).hasSize(2);

    ExtraAction extraAction = null;

    for (Action action : actions) {
      if (action instanceof ExtraAction) {
        extraAction = (ExtraAction) action;
        break;
      }
    }

    assertNotNull(actions.toString(), extraAction);

    Action pseudoAction = extraAction.getShadowedAction();

    assertThat(pseudoAction).isInstanceOf(PseudoAction.class);
    assertEquals(
        String.format("%s%s.extra_action_dummy", targetConfig.getGenfilesFragment(),
            convertLabelToPath(targetLabel)),
        pseudoAction.getPrimaryOutput().getExecPathString());

    return (PseudoAction<?>) pseudoAction;
  }

  /**
   * Converts the given label to an output path where double slashes and colons are
   * replaced with single slashes
   * @param label
   */
  private String convertLabelToPath(String label) {
    return label.replace(':', '/').substring(1);
  }

  protected Map<String, String> getSymlinkTreeManifest(Artifact outputManifest) throws Exception {
    SymlinkTreeAction symlinkTreeAction = (SymlinkTreeAction) getGeneratingAction(outputManifest);
    Artifact inputManifest = Iterables.getOnlyElement(symlinkTreeAction.getInputs());
    SourceManifestAction inputManifestAction =
        (SourceManifestAction) getGeneratingAction(inputManifest);
        // Ask the manifest to write itself to a byte array so that we can
    // read its contents.
    ByteArrayOutputStream stream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    inputManifestAction.writeOutputFile(stream, reporter);
    String contents = stream.toString();

    // Get the file names from the manifest output.
    ImmutableMap.Builder<String, String> result = ImmutableMap.builder();
    for (String line : Splitter.on('\n').split(contents)) {
      int space = line.indexOf(' ');
      if (space < 0) {
        continue;
      }
      result.put(line.substring(0, space), line.substring(space + 1));
    }

    return result.build();
  }

  protected void disableLoading() {
    enableLoading = false;
  }
}